Ukukhetha igiya elilungile lokuvikela kungazwakala njengokuzulazula ku-maze. Njengomphathi wokuthenga noma umthengi wokunakekelwa kwezempilo, ubambe ukuphepha kwesiguli nempilo yabasebenzi ezandleni zakho. Ubhekana namabhokisi angapheli abukeka ngendlela efanayo ngaphandle. Kodwa ngaphakathi, izinto zokwakha ziyahlukahluka kakhulu. Abanye bavimba amagciwane amancane, kanti abanye bamisa amaconsi amakhulu kuphela. Esibhedlela esimatasatasa, ukuba ne-supply chain ebalulekile. Ivimba ukuqubuka kwezifo. Igcina abahlengikazi nodokotela bephephile. Iqinisekisa ukuthi indawo yakho ihlala ivulekile futhi isebenza kahle.
Lesi sihloko sizokusiza ukunqamula ukudideka. Sizohlaziya kahle ukuthi yini eyenza into eyodwa ihluke kwenye. Uzofunda mayelana nezindinganiso zokuhlola, imingcele yoketshezi, kanye nokuthola ukulingana okuphelele. Noma ngabe uthenga inethiwekhi enkulu yesibhedlela noma umtholampilo wamazinyo omncane, uzokwazi kahle ukuthi yini okufanele uyibheke. Ake singene emininingwaneni egcina abasebenzi bethu abaphambili bephephile nsuku zonke.
Yimuphi umehluko oyinhloko phakathi kwezifihla-buso zezokwelapha nezingezona ezezokwelapha?
Lapho uthenga izinto ezisetshenziswayo, kufanele uhlukanise amagiya ochwepheshe ezintweni zansuku zonke. I umehluko oyinhloko phakathi kwezokwelapha izinketho nezinto zansuku zonke zehlela ekuhlolweni kanye nemithetho eqinile. A iqiniso imaski yezokwelapha uthola ukuhlolwa kwelabhorethri okukhulu. Izimboni kufanele zifakazele ukuthi le mikhiqizo ivimba amagciwane noketshezi. Zilawulwa kakhulu. Lezi zinto zisebenza njengeqiniso Amadivayisi wezokwelapha.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, a imaski engeyona eyezokwelapha ngokuvamile yenziwe ngendwangu noma iphepha eliyisisekelo. Ubona abantu abagqoke lezi esitolo segrosa. Ukuqonda i umehluko phakathi kwezokwelapha nezingezona ezokwelashwa amakhava abalulekile kubathengi basesibhedlela. Izinguqulo zendwangu azinakho ukuhlolwa okujwayelekile kokuvimba izinhlayiya ezincane. A ubuso obungewona odokotela ukumboza kumane kusebenze njengesithiyo esiyisisekelo sokuthimula okukhulu.
Ukuqhathanisa izifihla-buso zezokwelapha nezingezona ezokwelashwa kukhombisa igebe elikhulu kwezokuphepha. Izibhedlela azikwazi ukuthembela endwangu eyisisekelo. Lapho uthenga Imaski yobuso bezokwelapha, kufanele uhlole ibhokisi ukuze uthole izitifiketi ezifanele. Nsuku zonke Ukumbozwa kobuso ungabali njengegiya lochwepheshe eliphephile.
Imaski yokuhlinzwa iqhathaniswa kanjani ne-N95 respirator ezindaweni zokunakekelwa kwezempilo?
Uma ungena emtholampilo, uzobona izinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zamagiya. Indinganiso isakaza ivame kakhulu. Ilingana ngokukhululekile. Yenzelwe ikakhulukazi ukuvikela isiguli ekuphefumuleni noma ematheni kadokotela. Inikeza okuhle isilawuli somthombo. Nokho, ayivaleli ngokuqinile esikhumbeni. Umoya ungangena kalula emaceleni.
A I-n95 respirator ihluke ngokuphelele. Ilingana ngokuqinile. Yakha ku- Ubuso be-Wear. Lesi sivalo esiqinile sisho ukuthi wonke umoya ungena endaweni yokuhlunga, hhayi eduze kwayo. Iklanyelwe ukuvikela umuntu oyigqokile emagciwaneni asemoyeni. Isetshenziswa kabanzi ku Izilungiselelo Zokunakekelwa Kwezempilo, i-N95 ibalulekile ekwelapheni izifo ezithathelwana kakhulu.
Lapho imaski yokuhlinzwa futhi vimba uketshezi, abakwazi ukumisa amagciwane ahamba emoyeni kanye ne-N95. Zombili zikhona ukulahlwa. Kodwa bafeza imigomo eyinhloko ehlukene. Omunye uvikela isiguli, kanti omunye uvikela isisebenzi.
Ingabe imaski yenqubo ihluke kanjani ezinhlotsheni zamamaski zokuhlinzwa nezinqubo?
Kulula ukudideka ngamagama. Amamaski okuhlinzwa kanye nenqubo zombili zivamile emitholampilo. Kodwa banezici ezihlukile. A imaski yenqubo ngokuvamile isebenzisa izihibe ezindlebeni. Uwaxhuma ngokushesha ngemuva kwezindlebe zakho. Lokhu kubenza basheshe ukugqoka nokukhumula. Zilungele ukuhlolwa okusheshayo noma ukuhlala edeskini lokwamukela izivakashi.
Inguqulo yokuhlinzwa yeqiniso isebenzisa izibopho. Ubopha izintambo ezimbili ngemuva kwekhanda lakho nezimbili ngemuva kwentamo yakho. Lokhu kudala ukulingana okungcono kancane. Kakhulu njengamamaski okuhlinzwa, lezi zikhululekile, kodwa izibopho zigcina zingasheleli ngesikhathi sokusebenza isikhathi eside.
Uma ubheka imaski yenqubo, cabanga ngejubane nokunethezeka. Ukuze uthole ukuhlolwa okusheshayo, ama-ear loop ayawina. Ngokuhlinzwa amahora amathathu, othayi bayawina. Kokubili izinhlobo zamaski ukuvikela ngokumelene a fafaza noma fafaza uketshezi lomzimba. Ungathola ikhwalithi ephezulu Imaski yobuso bezokwelapha izinketho ezinikeza izibopho ezivikelekile zamagumbi okuhlinza.
Kuyini ukusebenza kahle kokuhlunga kwemaski yezokwelapha vs engeyona eyezokwelapha yezinhlobo ezahlukene zamaski?
Amalebhu okuhlola akala ukuthi impahla ibamba kahle kangakanani izinhlayiya. Lokhu kubizwa Ukusebenza kahle kwe-FILTRATION. Sibheka amaphuzu amabili abalulekile. Esokuqala sithi ukusebenza kahle kokuhlunga kwebhaktheriya. Lokhu sikubiza I-BFE ngamafuphi. Ikala ukuthi i-material iwamisa kahle kangakanani amagciwane. Owesibili uthi Ukusebenza kahle kwe-Filtration. Lokhu sikubiza Into emi khona. Ikala ukuthi izimisa kahle kangakanani izinhlayiya ezincane ezingaphili.
Le khasi ezokwelapha vs Inkulumompikiswano yendwangu yansuku zonke iphelela lapha. Into ephrofeshinali kufanele ithole amaphuzu aphezulu kuzo zombili izivivinyo. Ngokujwayelekile, kumele bashaye u-95% noma u-98%. I-BFE na- Into emi khona. Into yendwangu eyisisekelo ingase ithole kuphela u-20% noma u-30%.
Lezi amazinga ahlukene ukucupha izinhlayiyana kusho konke. Kuhle ukusebenza kwemaski isindisa izimpilo. Uma le nto ingakwazi ukubamba amagciwane, amagciwane angena emaphashini. Yingakho izibhedlela zifuna izinombolo eziqinisekisiwe kubahlinzeki bazo ngaphambi kokusayina inkontileka.
Izindinganiso ze-ASTM zizichaza kanjani izici zemaski nokumelana noketshezi?
E-United States, iqembu elikhethekile lidala imithetho yokuhlola. I I-American Society for Testing and Materials wakha le mihlahlandlela. Abantu bavame ukuyibiza nje Isosha. Bakha uhlelo olucacile. An Imaski ye-ASTM inikeza abathengi ukuthula kwengqondo. Bazi kahle ukuthi yini abayitholayo.
Imithetho ibheka eziningana izici zemaski. Bahlola ukusabalala komlilo. Bahlola ukuthi ungaphefumula kalula kangakanani ngempahla. Kodwa okubaluleke kakhulu, bayahlola ukumelana noketshezi. Uma udokotela echaphazwa ngegazi, igazi alikwazi ukucwila esikhumbeni sakhe.
Uma imboni ithi umkhiqizo wayo uhlangabezana nale mithetho, kufanele ibonise ubufakazi. I Isosha imihlahlandlela iqinisekisa ukuvumelana. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uthenga efektri yase-Europe noma umenzi oqinisekisiwe wase-Asia, izinga lihlala linjalo.
Yini ehlukanisa imaski ye-ASTM yeleveli 1, ileveli 2, kanye neleveli 3?
Amazinga ahlukaniswa abe izigaba ezintathu. Lezi ziyapha amazinga ahlukene okuvikela jikelele.
Okokuqala, sinakho Isigaba 1 se-ASTM. Lezi ezezimo ezinobungozi obuphansi. Izidingo zokunakekelwa okuyisisekelo imaski yezinga 1. Banamandla ayisisekelo okuvimbela uketshezi kanye nokucupha izinhlayiyana ezihloniphekile.
Okulandelayo, sikhuphukela phezulu izinga 2. Izidingo zokunakekelwa okusesilinganisweni Level 2 masks. Banikeza umgoqo ophakeme ngokumelene noketshezi. Zilungele imisebenzi lapho ukukhanya okungahle kwenzeke khona, njengokudonsa igazi.
Ekugcineni, sifika esigabeni esiphezulu. Isigaba 3 se-ASTM inikeza isivikelo esiphezulu. Izidingo zoketshezi olunzima Level 3 imaski yokuhlinzwa. Bavimba izifutho ezinomfutho ophezulu. Ukusebenzisa Imaski ye-ASTM yezinga lesi-3 ihlakaniphile ekuhlinzeni okunamandla okuhlanganisa imithambo noma ukuhlukumezeka okukhulu. Ngezidingo ezisindayo, a Ukulahlwa kwe-3Ply Face Mask Mask oyinsimbi enezindlebe okuhlangabezana nale mithetho eqinile kubalulekile.
| Izinga Elijwayelekile | I-Fluid Resistance Level | Ikesi elingcono kakhulu lokusebenzisa |
|---|---|---|
| Izinga 1 | Phansi (80 mm Hg) | Izivivinyo ezijwayelekile, amagumbi okulinda |
| Ileveli 2 | Okulingene (120 mm Hg) | Umsebenzi welebhu, izinqubo ezincane |
| Izinga 3 | Phezulu (160 mm Hg) | Ukuhlinzwa okukhulu, izikhungo zokuhlukumezeka |
Kungani i-N95 respirator ibalulekile ekuvikeleni ukuphefumula emoyeni?
Ngezinye izikhathi, ukuvinjwa kwamanzi akuwona umgomo oyinhloko. Lapho ukwelapha izifo ezifana nesifo sofuba, ingozi isemoyeni. Udinga iqiniso Ukuvikelwa kokuphefumula. Yilapho i- umdlaluvuzi liyakhanya. Yakhelwe ukuhlunga ama-95% ezinhlayiya ezihamba emoyeni.
Kugunyazwe yi- I-National Institute yokuphepha emsebenzini (NIOSH), lawa madivayisi aqinile. I ukuzokulungwa impahla iwugqinsi futhi inobunjiniyela obuphakeme. Indaba ukuzokulungwa ithembele ekushajelweni kwe-electrostatic ukuze ibambe amagciwane amancane antanta emoyeni.
Ngenxa yokuthi umoya udonswa ngesisefo esiwugqinsi, uyakwazi yenza ukuphefumula kube nzima kubasebenzi ngemuva kokusebenza isikhathi eside. Kodwa yabo ikhono lokuvikela kufakazelwe. Ziyingxenye ebalulekile okokuvikela komuntu okuvikelayo. Ungabuka yethu elinganiselwe kakhulu I-FFP2 Mask 5 ply ngezinketho eziqinile zokuvikela emoyeni.
Kunini lapho abasebenzi bezokunakekelwa kwempilo kufanele basebenzise iziphefumulo zokuhlinza i-N95 ngesikhathi sezinqubo zokukhiqiza i-aerosol?
Izenzo ezithile zezokwelapha zidala inkungu enhle emoyeni. Ukubeka ithubhu lokuphefumula phansi emphinjeni wesiguli yisibonelo esisodwa. Le nkungu enhle ibizwa ngokuthi i- I-Aerosol. Lawa mathonsi amancane alenga emoyeni amahora amaningi. Igiya elijwayelekile alikwazi ukumisa i I-Aerosol usongo.
Kufanele usebenzise ama-respirators ngesikhathi sezinqubo zokukhiqiza i-aerosol njalo. I Izikhungo Zokulawula Izifo (CDC) igunyaza lokhu. Empeleni, igama eliphelele yi-Centers for Ukulawula Nokuvimbela Izifo. Bathi abasebenzi kumele bagqoke ukuhlinzwa N95 Rescorators.
Yini eyenza "ukuhlinzwa" N95 ekhethekile? Ihlanganisa izinto ezimbili. Inokulingana okuqinile kanye nokubanjwa kwezinhlayiyana ze-N95. Kodwa futhi inokuvinjwa koketshezi olusindayo lwento yeleveli 3. Kuyisihlangu esikhulu semisebenzi yasesibhedlela eyingozi kakhulu.
Iyiphi indima edlalwa ukuhlolwa kokufaneleka ekuqinisekiseni ukulingana kobuso okuseduze?
Isihlungi esikhulu asisebenzi uma umoya uhamba ngaso. Umoya uyaphuma imiphetho yemaski uma ixega. Ngakho-ke, Ukuhlolwa okulungile kuyisidingo esiqinile. I Ukuphepha Kwasemsebenzini kanye Nokuphathwa Kwezempilo ugunyaza lokhu kubo bonke abasebenzi abagqoke amagiya aqinile.
Ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kokufaneleka, isisebenzi sifaka igiya. Umhloli ufafaza inkungu ebabayo noma emnandi emoyeni. Uma isisebenzi siyinambitha, uphawu luyaphulwa. Igiya kufanele livaleke ngokuqinile emakhaleni nasemlonyeni. Kumelwe inciphe ngokuqinile emakhaleni.
A Vala kahle ngobuso ivimba ukuvuza komoya. Abasebenzi kumele baphumelele lesi sivivinyo kanye ngonyaka. Uma behlisa isisindo noma bekhula nentshebe, kufanele bahlole futhi. Izintshebe zisunduza imiphetho kude nesikhumba, zonakalisa uphawu.
Unquma kanjani ukuthi iyiphi imaski enikeza izinga elifanele lokuvikela lomsebenzi owenzayo?
Abaphathi bokuthenga babhekana nokukhetha okunzima nsuku zonke. Kufanele nquma ukuthi iyiphi imaski isebenza kahle kakhulu ophikweni lwesibhedlela ngalunye. Kufanele uyifanise ne- umsebenzi osusondele. Awukwazi ukunikeza wonke umuntu i-N95. Kubiza kakhulu futhi akukhululekile ukwenza umsebenzi wedeski.
Ngomuntu owamukela izivakashi, elula izinga 1 isitayela se-loop siphelele. Inikeza eziyisisekelo isilawuli somthombo. Ngomhlengikazi wegumbi lezimo eziphuthumayo, a ileveli 3 kungcono. Bangase bahlangane negazi ngokuzumayo. Kudokotela ongena ewodini lesifo sofuba, kuphela okumpintshayo ukuphefumula idivayisi izokwenza.
Ukukhetha imaski yesokudla kuyisinqumo esikhulu. Kufanele ulinganise isabelomali, ukunethezeka, nokuphepha. Ungahlola izinhlobonhlobo zezinketho ezithembekile, njenge Imaski yobuso yezokwelashwa ye-shaohu elahlekile ngekhwalithi ephezulu, ukugcina yonke iminyango ngendlela efanele.
Yiziphi izinqubo ezingcono kakhulu zokugcina nokushintsha imaski esetshenzisiwe ezindaweni ezinobungozi obukhulu?
Ngisho negiya elihamba phambili liyahluleka uma lingaphathwanga kahle. Lezi yizi imikhuba emihle kakhulu ukulandela. Okokuqala, ungalokothi uthinte ingaphambili lika-a imaski esetshenzisiwe. Ingaphambili lingcolile. Yisuse njalo ngeziluphu zendlebe noma othayi.
Ukwazi nini imaski kufanele ishintshwe ikugcina uphephile. Kufanele kube njalo washintsha phakathi kweziguli. Ungagqoki into efanayo elahlayo usuka kwelinye igumbi uye kwelinye. Ungasabalalisa amagciwane. Uma izinto ziba manzi ngenxa yokuphefumula kwakho noma umjuluko wakho, zishintshe. Izinto ezimanzi zilahlekelwa yizo ukuzokulungwa amandla.
Lahla izinto ezingcolile emgqonyeni ofanele we-biohazard. Kufanelekile ukuphepha emsebenzini kanye nempilo Imithetho ithi kufanele ugeze izandla zakho ngemva nje kokukhumula noma yiziphi Ikhilongothobele. Kuhle imishini yokuvikela imikhuba ivimba izifo ukuthi zingabhebhetheki endlini yokuphumula.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jun-30-2026