Ukukhetha izixhobo ezichanekileyo zokukhusela kunokuziva ngathi uhamba kwimaze. Njengomphathi wokuthenga okanye umthengi wezempilo, ubambe ukhuseleko lwesigulane kunye nempilo yabasebenzi ezandleni zakho. Ujongene neebhokisi ezingapheliyo ezikhangeleka ngokufanayo ngaphandle. Kodwa ngaphakathi, izinto ezisetyenziswayo ziyahluka kakhulu. Ezinye zithintela iintsholongwane ezincinci, ngelixa ezinye zimisa kuphela amathontsi amakhulu. Kwisibhedlele esixakekileyo, ukuba nekhonkco lonikezelo oluchanekileyo kubalulekile. Kunqanda ukuqhambuka. Igcina abongikazi kunye noogqirha bekhuselekile. Iqinisekisa ukuba indawo yakho ihlala ivulekile kwaye isebenza kakuhle.
Eli nqaku liza kukunceda ukunqumla ukubhideka. Siza kuchitha kanye into eyenza into enye yahluke kwenye. Uya kufunda malunga nemigangatho yovavanyo, izithintelo zolwelo, kunye nokufumana okufanelekileyo. Nokuba uthenga uthungelwano lwesibhedlele esikhulu okanye ikliniki yamazinyo encinci, uya kuyazi ngqo into omawuyijonge. Masingene kwiinkcukacha ezigcina abasebenzi bethu bangaphambili bekhuselekile yonke imihla.
Ngowuphi umahluko ophambili phakathi kweemaski zonyango nezingezizo ezamayeza?
Xa uthenga iimpahla, kuya kufuneka wahlule izixhobo zobuchwephesha kwizinto zemihla ngemihla. I umahluko ongundoqo phakathi kwezonyango iinketho kunye nezinto zemihla ngemihla zehla kuvavanyo kunye nemithetho engqongqo. Yinyani imaski yonyango uvavanywa ngamandla elabhoratri. Iifektri kufuneka zibonise ukuba ezi mveliso zithintela ibhaktheriya kunye nolwelo. Zilawulwa kakhulu. Ezi zinto zisebenza njengenyani izixhobo zonyango.
Kwelinye icala, a imaski engeyiyo eyezonyango idla ngokwenziwa ngelaphu okanye ngephepha elisisiseko. Ubona abantu abanxibe ezi kwivenkile yokutya. Ukuqonda i iyantlukwano phakathi kwezonyango nezingezizo ezamayeza amakhava abalulekile kubathengi basesibhedlele. Iinguqulelo zelaphu azinalo uvavanyo olusemgangathweni lokuthintela amasuntswana amancinci. A ubuso obungeyozonyango Ukugquma kusebenza nje njengesithintelo esisisiseko ngokuchasene nokuthimla okukhulu.
Ukuthelekisa iimaski zonyango kunye nezingezizo ezonyango ibonisa umsantsa omkhulu kukhuseleko. Izibhedlele azinakuxhomekeka kwilaphu elisisiseko. Xa uthenga Ubuso bonyango Masks, kufuneka ukhangele ibhokisi ukuze ufumane iziqinisekiso ezifanelekileyo. Yonke imihla Igqume musa ukubala njengezixhobo ezikhuselekileyo zobuchwephesha.
Imaski yotyando ithelekiswa njani ne-N95 yokuphefumla kwiindawo zokhathalelo lwempilo?
Ukuhamba ungene ekliniki, uya kubona iindidi ezimbini eziphambili zezixhobo. Umgangatho imaski ye-sugical ixhaphake kakhulu. Ingena ngokukhululekileyo. Yenzelwe ikakhulu ukukhusela isigulana ekuphefumleni okanye kumathe kagqirha. Inika okulungileyo Ulawulo lomthombo. Nangona kunjalo, ayitywini ngokuqinileyo eluswini. Umoya unokutyibilika lula emacaleni.
A Isixhobo esincedisa ukuphefumla se-n95 yahluke ngokupheleleyo. Ingena ngokuqinileyo. Yenza kwi Ubuso bobuqhetseba. Eli tywina liqinileyo lithetha ukuba wonke umoya udlula kwizinto zokucoca, hayi ngeenxa zonke kuyo. Yenzelwe ukukhusela umntu oyinxibileyo kwiintsholongwane ezihamba emoyeni. Isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwi Useto lokhathalelo lwempilo, i-N95 ibalulekile ekunyangeni izifo ezosulelayo kakhulu.
Ngelixa iimaski zotyando nazo ulwelo lwebloko, azikwazi ukunqanda iintsholongwane ezihamba emoyeni kunye ne-N95. Zombini zinjalo ilahla. Kodwa bakhonza iinjongo eziphambili ezahlukeneyo. Enye ikhusela umguli, ize enye ikhusele umsebenzi.
Iimaski zenkqubo zahluke njani kwiintlobo zotyando kunye nenkqubo yemaski yenkqubo?
Kulula ukubhideka ngamagama. Iimaski zotyando kunye nenkqubo zombini zixhaphakile eziklinikhi. Kodwa baneempawu ezahlukileyo. A inkqubo imaski ngokuqhelekileyo kusetyenziswa izibophelelo zendlebe. Uzixhumela ngokukhawuleza emva kweendlebe zakho. Oku kubenza bakhawuleze ukunxiba kunye nokukhulula. Zikulungele ukukhangela ngokukhawuleza okanye ukuhlala kwidesika yolwamkelo.
Inguqulelo yotyando eyinyani isebenzisa amaqhina. Ubopha iintambo ezimbini emva kwentloko yakho kwaye ezimbini emva kwentamo yakho. Oku kudala ukulingana okungcono kancinci. Kakhulu njengeemaski zotyando, ezi zikhululekile, kodwa izibophelelo zigcina zingatyibiliki ngexesha lokusebenza ixesha elide.
Xa ujonga iimaski zenkqubo, cinga ngesantya kunye nokuthuthuzela. Uvavanyo olukhawulezayo, iilophu zendlebe ziphumelela. Ngotyando lweeyure ezintathu, amaqhina aphumelele. Zombini iintlobo zemaski khusela kwi-a ukutshiza okanye ukutshiza yolwelo lomzimba. Ungafumana umgangatho ophezulu Ubuso bonyango iinketho ezibonelela ngamaqhina akhuselekileyo kumagumbi okusebenza.
Yintoni ulwelo lokuhluza imaski yezonyango vs engeyiyo eyezonyango kwiindidi zeemaski ezahlukeneyo?
Iilebhu zovavanyo zilinganisa ukuba imathiriyeli ibamba kakuhle kangakanani na amasuntswana. Oku kubizwa Ukusebenza kakuhle. Sijonga amanqaku amabini aphambili. Eyokuqala yile ukuhluzwa kakuhle kwebhaktheriya. Oku sikubiza BFE ngokufutshane. Ilinganisa indlela izinto eziyeka ngayo iibhaktheriya. Okwesibini ngu Ukusebenza kweefreyiting. Oku sikubiza Pfe. Ilinganisa ukuba imisa kakuhle kangakanani na amasuntswana angaphiliyo.
I ezonyango vs Ingxoxo ngelaphu yemihla ngemihla iphela apha. Into yobungcali kufuneka ifumane amanqaku aphezulu kakhulu kuzo zombini iimvavanyo. Ngokwesiqhelo, kufuneka babethe i-95% okanye i-98% kwi BFE kwaye Pfe. Into yelaphu esisiseko inamanqaku angama-20% okanye ama-30 kuphela.
Ezi amanqanaba ahlukeneyo ukubambisa amasuntswana kuthetha yonke into. Kulungile ukusebenza kwemaski isindisa ubomi. Ukuba izinto eziphathekayo azikwazi ukubambisa iintsholongwane, iintsholongwane zingena emiphungeni. Yiyo loo nto izibhedlele zifuna amanani aqinisekisiweyo kubaboneleli bazo ngaphambi kokuba batyikitye isivumelwano.
Imigangatho ye-ASTM ichaza njani iimpawu zemaski kunye nokumelana nolwelo?
EUnited States, iqela elikhethekileyo lenza imithetho yokuvavanya. I Umbutho waseMelika woVavanyo kunye neMathiriyeli wakha ezi zikhokelo. Abantu badla ngokuyibiza nje I-astm. Badala inkqubo ecacileyo. An Imaski ye-ASTM inika abathengi uxolo lwengqondo. Bayazi kakuhle into abayifumanayo.
Imigaqo ijonga ezininzi iimpawu zemaski. Bavavanya ukusasazeka kwedangatye. Bavavanya ukuba kulula kangakanani ukuphefumla ngezinto eziphathekayo. Kodwa okona kubalulekileyo, bavavanya ukuxhathisa ulwelo. Ukuba ugqirha utshizwe ngegazi, igazi alinakukwazi ukuntywila eluswini lwakhe.
Xa umzi-mveliso ubanga ukuba imveliso yawo iyayifezekisa le migaqo, kufuneka ibonise ubungqina. I I-astm Izikhokelo ziqinisekisa ukuhambelana. Nokuba uthenga kumzi-mveliso waseYurophu okanye umenzi oqinisekisiweyo waseAsia, umgangatho uhlala ufana.
Yintoni eyahlula inqanaba loku-1 le-ASTM, inqanaba lesi-2, kunye nenqanaba lesi-3 lemaski?
Imigangatho yahlulahlulwe yangamanqanaba amathathu. Ezi ziyanika amanqanaba ahlukeneyo okhuseleko jikelele.
Okokuqala, siye safumana Inqanaba le-ASTM 1. Ezi zizinto ezinobungozi obuphantsi. Iimfuno zokhathalelo olusisiseko iimaski kwinqanaba 1. Banamandla okuthintela ulwelo olusisiseko kunye nokubambisa amasuntswana afanelekileyo.
Emva koko, siqhubela phambili inqanaba lesi-2. Iimfuno zokhathalelo oluphakathi iimaski kwinqanaba 2. Banikezela ngomqobo ophezulu ngokuchasene nolwelo. Zilungile kwimisebenzi apho ukuchaphaza okukhanyayo kunokwenzeka, njengokutsalwa kwegazi.
Ekugqibeleni, sifikelela kwinqanaba eliphezulu. Inqanaba le-ASTM 3 inikeza ukhuseleko oluphezulu. Iimfuno zolwelo olunzima iimaski zotyando kwinqanaba lesi-3. Bavimba izitshizi ezinoxinzelelo oluphezulu. Ukusebenzisa Iimaski zenqanaba lesi-3 le-ASTM bubulumko kuqhaqho olumandla olubandakanya imithambo okanye ukwenzakala okukhulu. Kwiimfuno ezinzima, a Ukulahla iMaski yoNyango lweMaski edibana nale mithetho ingqongqo ibalulekile.
| Inqanaba elisemgangathweni | iNqanaba lokuchasa ulwelo | Eyona meko yokusetyenziswa |
|---|---|---|
| Inqanaba 1 | Phantsi (80 mm Hg) | Iimviwo eziqhelekileyo, amagumbi okulinda |
| Inqanaba 2 | Phakathi (120 mm Hg) | Umsebenzi waseLab, iinkqubo ezincinci |
| Inqanaba 3 | Phezulu (160 mm Hg) | Utyando olukhulu, amaziko okwenzakala |
Kutheni le nto isiphefumlo i-N95 sibalulekile kukhuseleko lokuphefumla emoyeni?
Ngamanye amaxesha, ukuthintela ulwelo akuyiyo eyona njongo iphambili. Xa unyanga izifo ezifana nesifo sephepha, ingozi isemoyeni. Ufuna inyaniso Ukukhusela ukuphefumla. Kulapho ke umphenyi liyakhazimla. Yakhelwe ukuhluza i-95% yamasuntswana emoyeni.
Ivunywe yi IZiko likaZwelonke lokhuseleko emsebenzini (NIOSH), ezi zixhobo zinzima. I ukuthoba imathiriyeli ingqindilili kwaye yenziwe ngobunjineli obuphezulu. Izinto eziphathekayo ukuthoba ixhomekeke kwintlawulo yombane ukubamba iintsholongwane ezincinci ezidada emoyeni.
Ngenxa yokuba umoya utsalwa kwisihluzo esingqindilili, unako yenza ukuphefumla nzima kubasebenzi emva kweshifti elide. Kodwa yabo ukukwazi ukukhusela iqinisekisiwe. Ziyinxalenye ebalulekileyo izixhobo zokhuselo lobuqu. Uyakwazi ukujonga ireyithi yethu ephezulu I-FFP2 imaski ye-FFP 5 Ply kwiinketho ezinamandla zokukhusela emoyeni.
Kufuneka abasebenzi bezempilo bazisebenzise nini iziphefumli zotyando eziyi-N95 ngexesha leenkqubo zokuvelisa iaerosol?
Izenzo ezithile zonyango zidala inkungu entle emoyeni. Ukubeka umbhobho wokuphefumla phantsi komqala wesigulane ngumzekelo omnye. Le nkungu intle ibizwa ngokuba yi- i-aerosol. La mathontsi mancinane ajinga emoyeni kangangeeyure. Izixhobo eziqhelekileyo azinakumisa i i-aerosol isoyikiso.
Kufuneka usebenzise iziphefumli ngexesha leenkqubo zokuvelisa i-aerosol rhoqo. I Amaziko oLawulo lweZifo (CDC) iyakuyalela oku. Ngokwenyani, igama elipheleleyo ngamaZiko e Ulawulo noThintelo lweZifo. Bachaza ukuba abasebenzi kufuneka banxibe Ii-regical N95 abaqhubi.
Yintoni eyenza "utyando" i-N95 ekhethekileyo? Idibanisa izinto ezimbini. Inomfaneleko oqinileyo kunye nokubambisa amasuntswana eN95. Kodwa ikwanayo nolwelo olunzima lokuvaleka kwinqanaba lesi-3. Likhaka lokugqibela leyona misebenzi yesibhedlele iyingozi.
Ingaba uvavanyo olufanelekileyo ludlala yiphi indima ekuqinisekiseni ukulingana kobuso obusondeleyo?
Isihluzo esikhulu asinamsebenzi ukuba umoya uyasijikeleza. Umoya uyabaleka Imiphetho yemaski ukuba ikhululekile. Ngoko ke, Uvavanyo olululo yimfuneko engqongqo. I Ukhuseleko eMsebenzini kunye noLawulo lwezeMpilo Ugunyazisa oku kubo bonke abasebenzi abanxibe iimpahla eziqinileyo.
Ngexesha lovavanyo lokufaneleka, umsebenzi ufaka igiya. Umvavanyi utshiza inkungu ekrakra okanye eswiti emoyeni. Ukuba umsebenzi uyingcamla, itywina liyaqhawuka. Isixhobo kufuneka sivale ngokuqinileyo empumlweni nasemlonyeni. Kufuneka icuthe ngokuqinileyo ngeempumlo.
A Vala ubuso ngobuso kuthintela ukuvuza komoya. Abasebenzi kufuneka baluphumelele olu vavanyo kanye ngonyaka. Ukuba banciphe okanye bakhule iindevu, kufuneka bavavanye kwakhona. Iindevu zityhala imiphetho kude nesikhumba, ziyonakalisa isitywina.
Unquma njani ukuba yeyiphi imaski enika inqanaba elifanelekileyo lokhuseleko lomsebenzi okhoyo?
Abaphathi beentengo bajongana nokhetho olunzima mihla le. Kufuneka gqiba ukuba yeyiphi imaski isebenza kakuhle kwiphiko lesibhedlele ngalinye. Kufuneka uyifanise ne umsebenzi okhoyo. Awunako ukunika wonke umntu i-N95. Ibiza kakhulu kwaye ayikhululeki kumsebenzi osisiseko wedesika.
Kumamkeli, ilula inqanaba 1 isitayile selophu sigqibelele. Ibonelela ngesiseko Ulawulo lomthombo. Kumongikazi wegumbi likaxakeka, a inqanaba lesi-3 kungcono. Basenokudibana negazi ngesiquphe. Kugqirha ongena kwiwadi yesifo sephepha, kuphela i-tight-fitting ukuphefumla isixhobo siyakwenza.
Ukukhetha i imaski yasekunene lukhetho olukhulu. Kufuneka ulungelelanise uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali, intuthuzelo, kunye nokhuseleko. Unokuphonononga uluhlu olubanzi lweenketho ezithembekileyo, njenge I-Shaohu yokulahla imaski yonyango, ukugcina onke amasebe ngokufanelekileyo.
Zeziphi ezona ndlela zilungileyo zokugcina kunye nokutshintsha imaski esetyenzisiweyo kwiindawo ezinomngcipheko omkhulu?
Nezona zixhobo zingcono ziyasilela xa ziphathwa kakubi. Ezi zezo ezona zenzo zilungileyo ukulandela. Okokuqala, ungaze ubambe umphambili ka isebenzise imaski. Umphambili umdaka. Yisuse rhoqo ngamaqhina endlebe okanye amaqhina.
Ukwazi ukuba nini iimaski kufuneka zitshintshwe ikugcina ukhuselekile. Kumele kube njalo itshintshile phakathi kwezigulane. Musa ukunxiba into enye elahlayo ukusuka kwigumbi ukuya kwelinye. Usenokusasaza iintsholongwane. Ukuba izinto ziba manzi ngenxa yokuphefumula okanye ukubila kwakho, zitshintshe. Izinto ezimanzi zilahlekelwa yiyo ukuthoba amandla.
Lahla izixhobo ezimdaka kumgqomo ofanelekileyo we-biohazard. Ngokufanelekileyo Ukhuseleko emsebenzini kunye neMpilo Imithetho ithi kufuneka uhlambe izandla zakho kanye emva kokuthatha nayiphi na into I-PPE. Kulungile izixhobo zokukhusela imikhwa ukunqanda usulelo ukusasazeka kwindawo yokuphumla.
Ixesha lokuposa: Jun-30-2026