Isikhokelo esiGqibeleleyo sokuSetyenziswa kwetyhubhu yokufunxa yonke kunye neCatheter yokufunxa kukhathalelo lomqala-ZhongXing

Xa umntu engakwazi ukucoca indlela yakhe yokuphefumla, iplastiki yezonyango iba yinto ebalulekileyo ebomini. Eli nqaku liphonononga indlela isixhobo sokufunxa esilususa ngayo ulwelo oluyingozi emzimbeni, siqinisekisa ukuba isigulana ngasinye sinokuphefumla ngokukhuselekileyo. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukufunda kuba ukuqonda umgangatho, injongo, kunye nokusetyenziswa ngokufanelekileyo kwezi zixhobo akugcini nje ukusindisa ubomi kodwa kukwanceda abaphathi bokuthengwa kwempahla benze izigqibo zokuthenga ezihlakaniphile, ezithobelayo, nezingenamngcipheko kwizibhedlele zabo.

Nokuba uthenga izinto zothungelwano olukhulu lwezonyango okanye ulawula iklinikhi encinci, ukwazi iinyani malunga nezixhobo zokuphefumla kuya kulungelelanisa ikhonkco lakho lokubonelela kwaye ukhusele abantu abaxhomekeke kuwe kakhulu.

Yintoni ityhubhu yokufunxa yezonyango kwaye kutheni ukusetyenziswa kwayo kubalulekile?

Ityhubhu yokufunxa ngumgca weplastiki onomngxuma osetyenziselwa ukutsala ulwelo ngaphandle komzimba. Esibhedlele, oogqirha kunye nabongikazi baxhomekeke kwesi sixhobo yonke imihla. Bayisebenzisa ngexesha lotyando. Bayisebenzisa kwigumbi lokubuyisela. Xa umntu ebuthathaka kakhulu ukuba angakwazi ukukhohlela ulwelo, ityhubhu iyangena ukuze iphakamise izinto ezinzima. Isebenza njengomatshini wokufunxa. Esi senzo silula sinqanda imiqobo eyingozi ukuba yenzekile.

Usenokuzibuza ukuba kutheni sifuna izixhobo ezikhethekileyo. Impendulo iza kukhuseleko. Ityhubhu yokufunxa ekumgangatho ophezulu yenziwe ngePVC yodidi lwezonyango. Esi sixhobo sinamandla kodwa sithambile. Ayiyi kuwa phantsi koxinzelelo. Xa uthenga ngobuninzi, kufuneka wazi ukuba yonke into isebenza ngokugqibeleleyo ngaphandle kwephakheji. Umgca owileyo unokubangela ingxaki enkulu.

Kubathengi basesibhedlele, ukufumana izinto ezithembekileyo kubalulekile. Awunakho ukuthenga isitokhwe kwezi zinto. Ukuba isibhedlele siyaphela, utyando luyayeka. Ukhathalelo luyayeka. Ke ngoko, ukukhangela kumvelisi ngokuthotyelwa okungqongqo kwe-CE kunye ne-FDA kuqinisekisa ukuba ikhonkco lokubonelela lihlala lizinzile. Ufumana iimveliso ezikhuselekileyo, kwaye isigulane sihlala sikhuselekile.

I-catheter yokufunxa yahluke njani kumbhobho oqhelekileyo wokufunxa?

Abantu bahlala bedibanisa la magama mabini. Icatheter yokufunxa luhlobo olukhethekileyo lwetyhubhu yokufunxa. Umahluko ophambili ulele kuyilo lomzimba. Umgca wokudibanisa oqhelekileyo udla ngokuba mkhulu kwaye uqina. Ivala isithuba phakathi kwevacuum eludongeni kunye nesixhobo sesandla. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, i-catheter yokufunxa ibhetyebhetye ngakumbi. Oku kuyivumela ukuba igobe kwaye ityibilike ngokutyibilikayo kwiindawo eziethe-ethe njengempumlo okanye umlomo.

Xa oogqirha benza iinkqubo ezibuthathaka, bafuna isixhobo esiguqukayo. Umgca obhetyebhetye utyibilika kwithishu edlulileyo ngaphandle kokwenza ingozi. Ifikelela nzulu kumgaqo womoya. Uya kuhlala ubona umongikazi ebambe isibambo saseYankauer esiqhagamshelwe kumgca ophambili. IYankauer yincam yeplastiki eyomeleleyo. Ijolise kumqolo womlomo ngokulula. Unokujonga umgangatho ophezulu Ukukhupha ityhubhu ukubona indlela ingcebiso eqinileyo kunye nomgca othambileyo osebenza kunye ngokugqibeleleyo.

Kutheni ukufunxa kubalulekile ukugcina impilo yokuphefumla?

Impilo entle yokuphefumla ithetha ukuba umoya uqukuqela ngokukhululekileyo ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwemiphunga. Xa umntu egula, umzimba wakhe uvelisa i-mucus eyongezelelweyo. Ngamanye amaxesha, esi sikhohlela siye sixinge. Ukuba isikhohlela sihlala sibambekile, iintsholongwane zikhula ngokukhawuleza. Oku kukhokelela kusulelo oluqatha olufana nenyumoniya. Ngokufunxa umgaqo womoya, abo banyamekela abantu bayawususa lo mgibe uyingozi. Bakhupha umfinya ongqindilili ukuze umntu aphefumle lula kwakhona.

Ukugcina imiphunga isempilweni, abongikazi benza lo msebenzi rhoqo kwabo bakwizixhobo zokungenisa umoya. Lo matshini uyabaphefumlela, kodwa awukwazi ukubakhohlela. Umongikazi uyangena ephethe icatheter. Bayityibilikisa ezantsi, bavule ivacuum, bavule indlela. Isebenza ngokukhawuleza okukhulu. Ngemizuzwana nje, umlinganiselo weoksijini egazini uqalisa ukunyuka.

Imiba yomgangatho apha. Ukuba iplastiki irhabaxa, ikrwempa ulunwe oluethe-ethe ngaphakathi. Ilayini ekrweliweyo iyopha kwaye imema ukosuleleka ngakumbi. Kungenxa yoko le nto amaqela okuthenga afuna ngokungqongqo iimveliso eziqinisekisiweyo ze-ISO 13485. Bayazi ukuba amehlo agudileyo, akhazimlisiweyo kwincam yecatheter akhusela ukwenzakala okungeyomfuneko. Imveliso esemgangathweni ixhasa ngokuthe ngqo impilo engcono yemiphunga.

Ngawaphi amanyathelo angundoqo okusebenzisa umatshini wokufunxa ngokukhuselekileyo?

Ukusebenzisa umatshini wokufunxa kufuna inkathalo kunye nokugxila. Okokuqala, umkhathaleli uhlamba izandla zakhe aze afake izixhobo zokukhusela. Basenokunxiba inyumba enyumba Ubuso bonyango ukuvala izitshizi. Emva koko, bavula isingxobo esingenazintsholongwane kwi-catheter. Kufuneka bagcine incam icocekile ngokupheleleyo. Ukuba ichukumisa ibhedi okanye impahla, bayayilahla baze bathabathe entsha.

Xa sele belungile, baqhoboshela umgca kwi-canister yokuqokelela. Ukulingana kufuneka kuqine. Uqhagamshelo oluxengaxengayo luvuza umoya kwaye lonakalisa amandla evacuum. Emva kokuyidibanisa, bavula umatshini. Bajonga ukucofa koxinzelelo ngononophelo. Ugqirha okanye umongikazi ubeka uxinzelelo olufunekayo.

• Hlamba izandla kakuhle.
• Beka imaski kunye neiglavu.
• Vula iphakheji ngononophelo.
• Xhuma umgca ngokuqinileyo.
• Vavanya uxinzelelo lwevacuum.

Ukhuseleko luhlala luza kuqala. Ukuba uxinzelelo alulunganga, lunokubangela intlungu. Abakhathaleli balandela imigaqo yonyango engqongqo ukuqinisekisa ukuba inyathelo ngalinye likhusela umntu olele ebhedini.

Ukucoca umqala kusikhusela njani isigulana ekubeni siqale ukuminxeka?

Khawube nomfanekiso uzama ukuginya amanzi amaninzi, kodwa ehla ngombhobho ongafanelekanga. Ukhohlela ngoko nangoko. Ngoku, khawube nomfanekiso-ngqondweni womguli obuthathaka kakhulu ukuba angakwazi ukukhohlela. Amadama olwelo emva komlomo wabo. Ukuba ziyekwa zodwa, ziya kuqalisa ukuminxa. Abakhathaleli bacoca indlela yomoya ukuze bathintele esi siganeko soyikekayo. Ngokususa ulwelo olugqithisileyo, bavula umnyango ukuze ioksijini ihambe.

Ukukrwitshwa kuyingozi ethe cwaka kwiiwadi ezininzi zesibhedlele. Emva kotyando, i-anesthesia yenza izihlunu zilale. Umzimba uyalibala indlela yokuginya ngokufanelekileyo. Amathe akheka ngokukhawuleza. Umongikazi usebenzisa isixhobo sokutshayela ukutshayela indawo. Balufunxa ulwelo phambi kokuba luwele kuqhoqhoqho.

Esi senzo silula sinqanda intlekele. Xa ucoca indlela yomoya, ususa umngcipheko wokukrwitsha ngokupheleleyo. Izisa uxolo lwengqondo kwintsapho ehleli ngasebhedini. Kumthengi wasesibhedlele, ukwazi ukuba igumbi labo lokubonelela ligcwele ezi zixhobo zibalulekileyo kuthetha ukuba bancedisa ngokuthe ngqo ukusindisa ubomi ngobusuku ngabunye.

Kutheni le nto uyilo lwetyhubhu olwahlukileyo lufuneka kubantwana xa kuthelekiswa nokhathalelo lwabantu abadala?

Abantwana abangobantu abadala nje abancinci. Imizimba yabo ibuthathaka ngokunzulu. Indlela yomoya yabantwana imxinwa kwaye ithambile. Ukuba umongikazi usebenzisa isixhobo esilingana nomntu omdala emntwaneni, kuya kubangela intlungu enkulu kunye nomonakalo. Kungenxa yoko le nto abavelisi beyila izixhobo ezithile zabantwana. Ezi zixhobo zincinci zincinci, zithambile, kwaye zibhetyebhetye kakhulu. Bahamba ngeenqwelo-moya ezincinci ngokukhuselekileyo.

Ukunciphisa ingozi, i-catheter yokufunxa usana ineempawu ezikhethekileyo. La manani axelela umongikazi ukuba incam ingene nzulu kangakanani na. Ukuya nzulu kakhulu kubetha iintambo zezwi. Injongo kukucoca indawo ngaphandle kokuchukumisa iindawo ezibuthathaka. Uyilo olufanelekileyo luthintela le ngxaki ngokupheleleyo. Igcina umntwana ekhuselekile kwaye ezolile ngexesha lenkqubo eyoyikisayo.

"Ukukhetha ubungakanani obufanelekileyo ngumgaqo wokuqala wokunakekelwa kwabantwana. Isixhobo esikhulu kakhulu siya kudala iingxaki ezininzi." – Inkqubo yoKhuseleko lwezoNyango

Xa unxiba iwadi yabantwana, abathengi bajonga izixhobo ezikhethekileyo. Bakwathenga nezinto ezifana ne iimveliso zabantwana zokuphefumla ukuqinisekisa ukuba bagubungela yonke imiba yenkxaso yokuphefumla kweentsana. Ukuthenga kumthengisi obonelela ngoluhlu olubanzi lweesayizi kwenza ulawulo lwe-inventri lube lula kakhulu.

Kwimeko yonxunguphalo, ukufunxa kubusindisa njani ubomi?

Xa kukhala iisiren kunye neengcango ze-ambulensi zivuleka, ixesha liyayeka. Kwimeko engxamisekileyo, oogqirha bahamba ngesantya sombane. Ixhoba lomonzakalo linokuba nomjelo womoya ovalekileyo egazini okanye emhlanzweni. Ngaphambi kokuba ugqirha ampompe ioksijini, kufuneka acoce indlela. Iingxaki ziphezulu kakhulu. Babamba ityhubhu yokufunxa ngoko nangoko.

Umtshini uyaduma ebomini. Umongikazi ufaka incam yaseYankauer emlonyeni. Ngemizuzwana nje, ulwelo olungqindilili luyaphela. Indlela icacile. Ngoku, ugqirha utyibilikisa ityhubhu yokuphefumla ezantsi kuqhoqhoqho. Ukuhamba komoya. Iimonitha zentliziyo zinkqonkqoza kwakhona. Ngaphandle kweso sixhobo sibalulekileyo sokufunxa, ioksijini ayinakuze ifike emiphungeni.

Amaqela angxamisekileyo akanakho ukuthenga izixhobo ezingenamandla. Bafuna izixhobo ezomeleleyo, ezingenazintsholongwane nezithembekileyo. Ukuba ipakethe iyakrazuka ngexesha lokuhamba kwaye isixhobo siphulukana nobunyumba, iqela alinakuyisebenzisa. Oku kuqaqambisa imfuneko epheleleyo yokupakishwa okuqinileyo, okukhuselekileyo. Abathengi bafuna ukugqwesa kuba isixhobo esaphukileyo kwimeko kaxakeka sibiza ubomi.

Ubuchule obufanelekileyo bunokuyinciphisa njani ingozi yokwenzakala kwemiphunga?

Nokuba ngezona zixhobo zibalaseleyo, impazamo yomntu inokwenzeka. Ukufunxa ngumsebenzi ohlaselayo. Ukuba utyhala incam ngamandla kakhulu, igruzuka izicubu eziethe-ethe. Ukuba ushiya ivacuum ixesha elide kakhulu, liba ioksijini kude nemiphunga. Ubuchule obulungileyo yeyona nto ikhuselayo kukwenzakala. Abongikazi baqeqesha iiyure ukuze bafezekise lo mdaniso uthambileyo.

Balandela "umgaqo we-10-yesibini." Abakhe batsale ivacuum ngaphezulu kwemizuzwana elishumi ngexesha. Bafaka umgca ngaphandle koxinzelelo. Emva koko, bafaka intwana yokufunxa kuphela xa beyikhupha ngokuthe chu. Bajija umgca ngobunono phakathi kweminwe yabo. Le ntshukumo yokutshayela ibamba yonke into ngaphandle kokubamba iindonga ezithambileyo.

Ukunciphisa ngakumbi umngcipheko wokwenzakala, izibhedlele zisebenzisa izixhobo ezinemiphetho ejikelezileyo, egudileyo. Imiphetho ebukhali ibangela ukopha. Imiphetho egudileyo ityibilika ngokugqibeleleyo. Xa abaphathi bempahla behlola iifektri, bajonga umgangatho wokungunda. Bafuna ukuqinisekisa ukuba akukho kudanyaza kweplastiki kushiywe kwiingcebiso. Imveliso elungileyo iguqulela ngokuthe ngqo kumonzakalo wezigulane ezimbalwa.

Zeziphi iintlobo zolwelo kunye nencindi eqhele ukususwa?

Umzimba womntu uvelisa ulwelo oluninzi. Ngexesha lokugula okanye utyando, olu lwelo luphelela kwiindawo ezingafanelekanga. Imfihlo eqhelekileyo isusiwe yi-mucus. Xa umkhuhlane okanye usulelo luhlasela, umfinya ukhula ube ngqindilili kwaye uncangathi. Ivacuum itsalela kude le nkunkuma inenkani, ishiya indlela yomoya ecacileyo ngasemva.

Ngaphandle kwe-mucus, abongikazi bahlala besusa amathe. Umntu okwikoma akakwazi ukuginya amathe akhe. Kuthe cwaka. Ukuba ithontsiza phantsi, ibangela ukuminxa. Ivacuum iyitshayela kakuhle. Kwiimeko zokwenzakala, isixhobo sitsala igazi okanye ukuhlanza. Igazi liyakwazi ukujiyisa lize livale ioksijini ngokukhawuleza. Umgabho uthwala iasidi yesisu, ethi itshise imiphunga kakhulu xa irholiwe.

• Umfinya ongqindilili: Icoca imiqobo ebangela usulelo.
• Amathe: Ithintela ukuhlanganisana kunye nokuminxa.
• Igazi: Igcina indawo ebonakalayo icacile ngexesha lotyando.
• Hlanza: Ithintela iasidi ekutshiseni izicubu zemiphunga eziethe-ethe.

Ngokuthabatha ezi ncindi ngokukhawuleza, abongi bakhusela umzimba kwingozi engakumbi. Ukugcina ibhedi icocekile ngexesha lenkqubo engcolileyo, bahlala bebeka Amaphepha ebhedi yezonyango phantsi komntu. Oku kubamba nawaphi na amathontsi alahlekileyo kwaye kugcine okusingqongileyo kucocekile.

Ukugcina nokucoca izixhobo kusetyenziswa amanzi acocekileyo?

Emva kokuba umsebenzi wenziwe, izixhobo zifuna ingqalelo. Ukuba ushiya ulwelo olungqindilili luhleli ngaphakathi kwiplastiki, loma njengesamente. Umgca ovaliweyo awunamsebenzi. Ukugcina inkqubo, umongikazi kufuneka acoce i-tubing ngokukhawuleza. Oku bakwenza ngokusebenzisa amanzi acocekileyo.

Bathi nkxu incam yeYankauer okanye i-catheter ethambileyo kwikomityi enamanzi angenanto. Bavula ivacuum. Amanzi enyuka ngomgca. Isebenza njenge-washer yoxinzelelo, ikhuhla iindonga zangaphakathi zicocekile. Amanzi atyhala yonke inkunkuma evalelweyo kwinkonkxa yokuqokelela. Oku kugungxula okulula kuqinisekisa ukuba umgca uvuleke ngokupheleleyo kwaye ulungele ukusetyenziswa okulandelayo.

Kutheni usebenzisa amanzi acocekileyo? Kuba amanzi ompompo athwala iibhaktheriya ezifihlakeleyo. Ukuba ugungxula isixhobo sonyango ngamanzi epompo, ushiya iintsholongwane ngasemva. Ezo ntsholongwane ziyanda. Xa usebenzisa isixhobo kwakhona, utyhala ezo ntsholongwane zingene ngqo kumzimba womntu ogulayo. Imithetho engqongqo yococeko lwezonyango iyakwalela oku. Ukhathalelo olusemgangathweni luthetha ukusebenzisa iimveliso eziziintsholongwane kwinyathelo ngalinye lendlela.

Ezona zinto zibalulekileyo omele uzikhumbule

• Umsebenzi: Ityhubhu yokufunxa ngumgca wokufunxa obalulekileyo osusa ulwelo kwaye ugcine umgaqo womoya uvuleke ngokupheleleyo.
• Ukuba bhetyebhetye: I-catheter yokufunxa ibhetyebhetye kakhulu, ivumela ukuba ingene ngokukhuselekileyo kwiindawo ezibuthathaka ngaphandle kokwenza umonakalo kwiithishu.
• Ukhuseleko Kuqala: Ubuchule obufanelekileyo, obufana nokunciphisa ixesha lokuvula ivacuum, ikhusela imiphunga kumonzakalo omkhulu kunye nokwenzakala.
• Ulwelo ekujoliswe kulo: Abo banyamekela abantu basebenzisa ezi zixhobo ukususa isikhohlela esiyingozi, amathe, igazi kunye nokuhlanza ngokukhawuleza.
• ULungelo oluNgxamisekileyo: Kwiimeko zobomi okanye zokufa, ukucoca umqala kuthintela ukuminxa kwaye kuvula indlela yeoksijini ebalulekileyo.
• Imiba yococeko: Soloko ugungxula izixhobo ngamanzi angenazintsholongwane ukuthintela ukukhula kwebhaktheriya kunye nokugcina ucoceko olugqibeleleyo esibhedlele.
• Ukuthenga okusemgangathweni: Ukuthenga iimveliso ezithobela i-CE kunye ne-FDA ngobuninzi ziqinisekisa ukuthembeka kwekhonkco lokubonelela kunye nokuqinisekisa ukupakishwa okukhuselekileyo, okungenantsholongwane.