I-Masks kuthelekiswa nokuphefumla: Umahluko obalulekileyo phakathi kwe-N95s kunye neZigqubuthelo zoThungqwa-Zhongx

Kwilizwe lezonyango, amagama anje "imaski yobuso" kunye "nomphesha" zihlala zisetyenziswa ngokudibeneyo kwincoko eqhelekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, ukufumana i-PRECTRORK enjengoMarkopson, umphathi weklinikhi, okanye umphathi wesibhedlele, umahluko ayisiyo-semantic-yinto ebalulekileyo ekuqinisekiseni ukhuseleko, ukuthotyelwa, kunye nokukhuselwa okufanelekileyo. Njengomvelisi wezinto ezinokuchithwa kwezempilo ezinokuchitheka ngemigca yesixhenxe yemveliso e-China, i, Allen, ndibone ngokwahlukileyo ingqumbo kunye neziphumo zokukhetha imveliso engalunganga. Eli nqaku liza kuyaphula umahluko osisiseko phakathi kwezi zixhobo, echaza ukuba kutheni umphenyi ayisiyo imaski ye-sugical, kunye ne-quice-veresa. Ukuqonda olu mahluko kubalulekile ekufumaneni izixhobo ezifanelekileyo, ukukhusela abasebenzi bezempilo kunye nezigulana, kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuba indawo yakho ilungiselelwe nayiphi na imeko.

Nguwuphi umahluko phakathi kokuphefumla kunye nemaski yokuhlinzwa?

Olona phawu lubalulekileyo phakathi kwe umphenyi kwaye a imaski ye-sugical Ubuxoki kwinjongo yabo ephambili. Yinto elula kodwa ebalulekileyo: enye yenzelwe ukukhusela, kwaye enye yenzelwe ukukhusela abantu kunye nendawo ekungqongileyo. A umphenyi, njenge Isixhobo esincedisa ukuphefumla se-n95, sisiqwenga se Izixhobo zokukhusela umntu (i-PPE) ngokweenjineli Khusela umphathi ukusuka ekukhulisileyo Amasuntswana ahamba-moya. Yicinge njengelikhasi enye yemiphunga yakho. Umsebenzi wayo kuko isihluzo umoya wena inhale. Yiyo le nto kufanelekile Ukusetyenziswa kwabaxhasi lilitye lesiseko ukhuseleko emsebenzini kwiindawo ezinengozi ye-airborne.

Ngokuchaseneyo, a imaski ye-sugical Ilungiselelwe uMthombo wolawulo. Umsebenzi wayo ophambili kukuvimba amathontsi amakhulu kunye neeprayi ezigxothiweyo xa sine Iincoko, ukukhohlela, okanye ukuntywila. Isebenza njengesithintelo sokuthintela i Ngumncedisi Ukuphefumla ukuphefumla okuvela kwintsimi yesigulana okanye intsimi engcolileyo. Ngelixa Imaski ye-sugical can nikezela sine Ukhuselo oluthile kwi-SPLASE, ayingomsebenzi wayo ophambili. Esi sisitshixo Umahluko phakathi kweemaski zothuli, isigqubuthelo sendwangu esilula, kunye nebanga lokwenyani lonyango Abaphengululi kunye nemaski yoNyanga. Ukuqonda lo mahluko linyathelo lokuqala lokwenza izigqibo zokuthenga ezinolwazi ngayo nayiphi na Ukuseta kwezempilo.

Ithini i-N95 i-N95 i-SPROPRATOR YOKUKHUSELEKILEYO?

I Isixhobo esincedisa ukuphefumla se-n95 ngummangaliso wezenzululwazi ezibonakalayo, ezenzelwe ngobuchule ukubonelela kakhulu Ukukhusela ukuphefumla. I-"N95" indawo ye "N95" sisiqinisekiso esivela I-niosh, kwaye kukuxelela izinto ezimbini: "N" isihluzo Ubuncinci i-95% yencinci kakhulu (0.3 Micron) yovavanyo. Ngelixa sihlala sicinga ngeentsholongwane kunye nebacteria, oku kubandakanya uthuli, amanqindi, kunye nomsi. Ukwakhiwa kwe Isixhobo esincedisa ukuphefumla se-n95 Kubandakanya iintlobo ezininzi zeintsinga ezingengobume be-polymer, ezinikwa intlawulo ye-elektrostatic. Eli ntlawulo lisebenza njengemagnethi, enomtsalane obonakalayo kunye nokugqobhoza nokuba ngowona mncinci isuntswanas onokuthi udlule nge isihluzo isixhobo.

Oku kusebenza kakuhle isihluzo amandla okwenza oko kwenza i umphenyi Isixhobo esibaluleke kakhulu umoya izisongelo. Xa a sine I-Inhales, umoya unyanzelekile ukuba udlule kule web fibers yemilimbo, ishiya ingcoliseko eyingozi ngasemva. Uyilo lonke lwe I-N95 yokucoca amaphepha-phepha ijolise kwinjongo enye: iqinisekisa umoya ofikelela kwi Ngumncedisi Imiphunga icocekile kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Kuyazahlulelwa ekuphenduleni oko kuyahlukanisa inyani umphenyi ukusuka kwezinye iindlela zobuso. Ezi Abaphengululo zenziwe Ngeemeko ezinzima ezicel'umngeni apho umoya ngokwawo unokuba yingozi, uyenza ukuba ingabaluleki abasebenzi bezempilo kwimigca engaphambili. Ukusebenza kwayo nayiphi na umphenyi I-hinges ekwisakhono sayo isihluzo umoya ngaphambili inhalation.

Yeyiphi indima imaski yotyando kwindawo yokhathalelo lwempilo?

Ngelixa umphenyi yikhaka, a imaski ye-sugical ungumlindi. Indima yayo kwi Ukuseta kwezempilo ngokusisiseko malunga nesiqulatho kunye nokukhusela isithintelo. Njengeklasi II Isixhobo sonyango, a imaski ye-sugical yenzelwe ukuthintela ukusasazeka kweearhente zosulelo kwi sine kwabanye. Xa ugqirha utyando olunyuse isigulana, i imaski ye-sugical Ukuqinisekisa ukuba iimpukane zabo zokuphefumla azingcolise indawo ye-Sterilic. Lo ngumzekelo weklasi 'yolawulo lomthombo. " I Imaski ngoMeyi Yiba lula, kodwa ifuthe layo ekuthinteleni usulelo olunokwenzeka lonyango lukhulu.

Ngapha koko, Imaski ye-sugic kunye nayo Nikeza inqanaba lokukhusela i sine ngokuchasene nengozi ye-fluid. Zihlala zibalelwa ngenxa yokumelana nokungenelela kwigazi lezahlulo kunye nenye ulwelo lomzimba. Oku kubalulekile kubongikazi, ogqirha, kunye nabanye abasebenzi abanokuthi bavezelwe ukuqhula okanye ukuhambisa ngexesha lenkqubo yezonyango. Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukusikelwa umda. Ngenxa yayo ukukhulula i-fit, a imaski ye-sugical ayikhali itywina elijikeleze i amabala. Oku kuthetha ukuba xa sine Ihales, umoya unokuvuza ngokulula kumacala, ukuwela i isihluzo Izinto ezibonakalayo ngokupheleleyo. Ke ngoko, ayiboneleli ngokuthembekileyo Ukukhusela ukuphefumla ukusuka Amasuntswana ahamba-moya inqunyanyisiwe emoyeni. I imaski ye-sugical yi ilahla, Ukusetyenziswa okungakumbi Into edlala into ebalulekileyo, kodwa engqalileyo, kwindima yolawulo losulelo.

Ngaba yonke igubungela igubungela ngokufanayo? Jonga iimaski kunye nabaphengululi.

I-pandemic yazisa uluhlu olubanzi lwe Igqume Kwi-lexicon yoluntu, ukusuka kwi-makhaya le-imeyile ukuya kwi-stick abaphengululi. Kukubaluleke kakhulu ekuthengweni kweengcali ukuba baqonde olu lawulo lukhuselekileyo. Elona nqanaba lisisiseko lilula isithintelo sezinto okanye i-comps imaski. Ezi zenzelwe ikakhulu Ulawulo lomthombo Kwiseto esihlala eluntwini kwaye unike amancinci ukhuseleko kumphathi. Banokunceda ukunciphisa ukutshiza kwamacoyini ukusuka kwi sine, kodwa izakhono zabo zokuziqhela kwaye zilungile ziguquguquka kakhulu kwaye azikho mgangatho. Ilaphu Imaski ngoMeyi Yiba ngcono ngaphandle kwento, kodwa ayiqwalaselwanga izixhobo zokhuselo lobuqu Kwimeko yezonyango.

Ukunyuka Inkqubo yemaski kwaye Imaski ye-subgical. Njengoko sithethe, ezi Imaski yezonyango zilawulwa izixhobo zonyango yenzelwe ukuvimba amathontsi amakhulu kunye ne-slicts. Ziyinto engaphandle Useto lwempilo Ukusetyenziswa ngokubanzi. Nangona kunjalo, nangaphandle kolu luhlu, kukho amanqanaba ahlukeneyo okumelana nokunganyangeki. Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele oko Imaski ayiziphengululi. Igama elithile "umphenyi"Ugcinelwe izixhobo eziqinisekisiweyo ze I-niosh (okanye umzimba olingana nomhlaba) oyilelwe ukuba isihluzo Amasuntswana ahamba-moya kwaye wenze i Itywina eliqinileyo ebusweni. Eli nqanaba libandakanya I-N95 yokucoca amaphephandaba (FFRS), kunye nezixhobo ezomeleleyo ezifana ne-Elastomeric hastome-mask kunye nobuso obugcweleyo abaphengululi. I Inqanaba lokukhuselwa ibonelelwe ngu umphenyi ikwiklasi eyahlukileyo ngokupheleleyo evela kumgangatho Imaski yobuso.

Kutheni i-niosh ivunyiwe ibaluleke kakhulu kwi-N95 yokuphefumla?

Nawuphi na umbutho eUnited States ochaphazelekayo Ukhuseleko emsebenzini kunye neMpilo, iileta I-niosh ziyinto enkulu xa kuziwa Ukukhusela ukuphefumla. I-niosh, IZiko likaZwelonke lokhuseleko emsebenzini, yi-Arhente ye-U.S. Federed Inoxanduva lokuqhuba uphando kunye nokwenza izindululo zokuthintela ukwenzakala okunxulumene nomsebenzi kunye nokugula. Inxalenye ephambili yegunya layo luvavanyo kunye nokuqinisekiswa kwe abaphengululi. Xa a umphenyi fumana I-niosh Ukuvunywa, kuthetha ukuba idlulile iseti yovavanyo lwenkqubo yokusebenza ngokuqinileyo, kunye nokuqinisekiswa komgangatho. Esi ayisosiphakamiso nje; Ngeentsiba zomsebenzi ezilawulwa ngu Osha (Ulawulo lweMsebenzini kunye noLawulo lwezeMpilo), usebenzisa i I-Niosh-ivunyiweyo yimfuno esemthethweni xa ukhuseleko luyimfuneko.

Esi siqinisekiso sisiqinisekiso sakho sokuba Isixhobo esincedisa ukuphefumla se-n95 iyakwenza njengoko kupapashwa. Iqinisekisa i isihluzo Imithombo yeendaba kwi Imaski yokuphefumla inokufaka ubuncinci i-95% ye Amasuntswana ahamba-moya, kubandakanya nale mincinane ukubona. Njengomvelisi othembisa ukuthunyelwa e-USA, ndiyazi ukuba ukuhlangana nale migangatho ayinakuphikiswa. Kubandakanya ukulawulwa komgangatho onamandla kwimigca yethu yemveliso kunye namaxwebhu abonakalayo. NgoMlawuli weThengiso njengoMarko, ukubona i I-niosh Inombolo yemvume eprintwe kwi umphenyi ngokwayo luphawu lobunyani kunye nokuthembeka. Yahlulahlula isiqwengana se izixhobo emsebenzini ukusuka kwi-upomputer ezininzi ezikhukuliswa kwimakethi ngexesha I-COVID 19 Ingxaki. I Ukusetyenziswa kwabaxhasi leyo I-Niosh-yamkelwe licandelo elibalulekileyo kwindawo ekhuselekileyo yomsebenzi.

Ngaba imaski yokuhlinzwa ingayicoca intsholongwane njengeCovid-19?

Le yenye yeyona mibuzo iqhelekileyo, kwaye impendulo ifuna i-nues. A imaski ye-sugical ayenzelwanga ukukhusela ukuphefumla i-aerosol-Amanzi ngentsholongwane. I Intsholongwane ye-SARS-2, oko kubangela I-COVID 19, inokudluliselwa kumachaphaza amakhulu aphezulu kwaye amancinci umoya amasuntswana, okanye ii-aerosols. A imaski ye-sugical iyasebenza ngokuthintela amacopho amakhulu agxothwe xa umntu ekhohlela okanye egcuma. Ngokuthintela ezi zinto ekufikeleleni umlomo kunye nempumlo, inokunciphisa umngcipheko wokosulelo. Ngale ndlela, ibonelela ngesithintelo somzimba.

Nangona kunjalo, xa intsholongwane ifumaneka kancinci i-aerosol amasuntswana anokuhlala inqunyanyisiwe emoyeni ixesha elide, a imaski ye-sugical I-LULY Mfutshane. Yayo ukukhulula i-fit ivumela ukuba la masuntswana aphefumlelweyo kwizithuba emacaleni. Kulapho umphenyi iba yimfuneko. A Isixhobo esincedisa ukuphefumla se-n95 yenzelwe ngokukodwa ukuba isihluzo la masunts amancinci kwaye, xa unxibe ngokuchanekileyo Itywina eliqinileyo, iyalinciphisa kakhulu i Ngumncedisi Ukuvezwa kumasuntswana ahamba-moya. I Amaziko okulawula izifo kunye nokuthintela (CDC) ucebisa I-N95s okanye ngokulinganayo abaphengululi kuba abasebenzi bezempilo kwiimeko ezinomngcipheko omkhulu we i-aerosol ukuhambisa. Ke, ngelixa usenokuba nxiba imaski ukhuseleko ngokubanzi, a umphenyi lukhetho olufanelekileyo lokukhusela umoya izoyikiso zentsholongwane.

Ngowuphi umahluko ophambili ofanelekileyo kunye netywina phakathi kwe-N95 abaphetheyo kunye neemaski ze-surgical?

Ukusebenza kwe umphenyi ixhomekeke ngokupheleleyo kwinto ethile. Umgaqo ophambili we umphenyi kukunyanzela wonke umntu ovuthayo isihluzo Imithombo yeendaba. Ukufezekisa oku, a Isixhobo esincedisa ukuphefumla se-n95 kufuneka ibe Itywina eliqinileyo ngokuchasene ne Ubuso bobuqhetseba. Eli tywina lithintela naluphi na umoya ongcolisekileyo ukusuka ekujikelezeni imiphetho ye amabala. Ukuqinisekisa ukuba kufanelekile, Osha ifuna abasebenzisi be Ukuphefumla okuqinisekileyo ukuya kunyaka ngamnye Uvavanyo olululo Inkqubo. Le nkqubo iqinisekisa ukuba ukwenze okuthile, imodeli, kunye nobungakanani be umphenyi ngumdlalo wobuso bomntu.

Yiyo le nto malunga nezinto ezithandayo iinwele zobuso zixhalabisa kakhulu xa ndinxibe ii-respirators. Indevu okanye i-nibe inzima inokulalanisa itywina, ukunikezela umphenyi ukungasebenzi. Ngokwahlukileyo komntu, a imaski ye-sugical yenzelwe ukukhululeka. I-Depes i-Depes ngaphezulu kwe impumlo yempumlo kunye nomlomo kwaye ibanjelwe endaweni yeendlebe zendlebe okanye ngamanyala. Akukho lundelo lwetywina. Ngelixa le nto yenza ukuba ikhululeke ngakumbi ukunxiba inhalation kwaye ukuphefumla. Esi sisiseko Umahluko phakathi kweMaski yoNyango kwaye abaphengululi kwindlela aba tywina ubuso sisigqibo esiphambili se Inqanaba lokukhuselwa banikezela sine. Awunokwazi ukwazi ukufezekisa Itywina elikhuselayo elinomgangatho imaski ye-sugical.

Ngaba abasebenzi bezempilo bafanele basebenzise nini i-respirator veles imaski yoqhaqho?

Ukhetho phakathi Imaski kunye nabaphengululi Kwimeko yeklinikhi ichaziwe ngovavanyo lomngcipheko. Abasebenzi bezempilo kufuneka isebenzise i Isixhobo esincedisa ukuphefumla se-n95 okanye inqanaba eliphezulu umphenyi (njenge-Elastomeric okanye i-moya ehlanjululwe abaphengululi, okanye i-paprs) xa kusengozini enkulu yokuvezwa i-aerosol-Izifo eziqinisekisiweyo. Oku kubandakanya ukukhathalela abaguli abayaziwayo okanye abakrokrelweyo Izifo ezosulelayo zokuphefumla Njengesifo sephepha okanye imasisi, kwaye ngexesha lokuvelisa i-aerol-veral enjengokuxhela, iBroncchoscopy, okanye umsebenzi wamazinyo. Kwezi meko, injongo kukubonelela ngeyona nto iphambili Ukukhusela ukuphefumla kumkhathaleli. Abaphengululi banikezela Ukuzikhusela okuqinisekileyo xa umoya egumbini wayenokuba ngu ungcoliseko.

A imaski ye-sugicalKwelinye icala, kufanelekile ukuba uninzi lwemisebenzi yonyamezelo yesigulana. Xa umngcipheko ophambili uvela kumathontsi, splashes, okanye i-spys, a imaski ye-sugical ibonelela ngokhuseleko olufanelekileyo lomqobo. Umzekelo, umongikazi ulawula amayeza, ugqirha okhukumelayo uviwo olusezantsi, okanye abasebenzi abasebenza kwigumbi lokusebenza banokuqhelana nxiba imaski. Imaski nayo Dlala indima ephambili kwi Ulawulo lomthombo, kwaye isetyenziswe kwiisetingi zezempilo Ukuthintela abaguli abakhohlisayo ekusasazeni iintsholongwane. Isigqibo malunga uhlobo lokuphefumla okanye imaski Ukusetyenziswa yinkalo yesiseko yokulawula ulawulo losulelo kwaye Impilo nokhuseleko kulo naluphi na indawo yezonyango.

Njengomphathi wokuthengwa kwempahla, yintoni endifanele ndiyijonge xa ​​ifumana i-respirators kunye nemaski yoqhaqho?

Njengomvelisi osebenza ngokuthe ngqo neengcali zokuthengwa, ndiyaziqonda iingxowa zakho zentlungu: ukuqinisekiswa komgangatho, ukuthobela imigaqo, kunye nezinto ezinokuthenjwa. Xa ukhunjulwa Abaphengululi kunye nemaski yoNyanga, ukukhuthala kwakho okufanelekileyo sisitshixo. Ye Isixhobo esincedisa ukuphefumla se-n95, Into yokuqala yokuqinisekisa I-niosh imvume. Ungajonga inombolo yemvume kuluhlu lwezixhobo eziqinisekisiweyo ze-CDC. Ukunyanzelisa ukubona amaxwebhu kumthengisi wakho. Musa ukoyika ukucela iirekhodi ze-batch zokulandela. Umenzi odumileyo akasayi kuba nangxaki yokubonelela le. Uyilo lwe umphenyi, kubandakanya imitya kunye ne-clip yempumlo, kufuneka ivakale.

Kuba Imaski ye-subgical, iimfuno zahlukile kodwa zibaluleke kakhulu. E-US, balawulwa yi-FDA. Kuya kufuneka ujonge iimaski ezihlangabezana nemigangatho ye-ASTM yezinto ezifana nokuchasana nolwelo (ukusebenza ngokuqinileyo (kwi-bacteria kunye namasuntswana), kunye nokuphefumla. Umzekelo, inqanaba le-ASTM 3 Ubuso bonyango ibonelela ngelona nqanaba liphezulu lokukhusela isithinteli. Sikwavelisa uluhlu olubanzi lolunye ulungelelwaniso, kwaye imigaqo-siseko yomgangatho ihlala ifana. Nokuba uyithethile I-PVC ye-PVC ye-PVC ye-Asnula ye-OXYNULA okanye Amaphepha ebhedi yezonyango, Soloko ufuna amaxwebhu amacwecwe kunye neziqinisekiso. Umthengisi obonakalayo nonxibelelaniso yeqabane lakho elihle kakhulu ekuhambeni ubunzima bokufumana ukuthengwa komhlaba.

Lithatha ntoni ikamva lokukhusela ukuphefumla kunye nemboleko yobuso?

I I-COVID 19 I-pindemic itshintshe isigxina kwimeko ye Ukukhusela ukuphefumla. Ikhawulezile ubuchule kwaye ibonakalise ubuthathaka obuqiqisayo kwiindawo ezinonikezo lwehlabathi. Ukujonga phambili, singalindela ukubona ukukhula okuqhubekayo kwi umphenyi Itekhnoloji. Ishishini lijolise ekudaleni abaphengululi Ayisebenzi ngakumbi kodwa ikhululekile ngakumbi kwaye iphinde isebenze. Sibona inkqubela phambili kwizixhobo eziphucula ukuphefumla ngaphandle kokuncama ukusebenza kwe isihluzo, kunye nokuyila okubonakalayo Abaphengululi bemibuzo Oko kuvumela unxibelelwano olungcono, ucelomngeni olubalulekileyo ngexesha lobhubhane. Injongo kukwenza Ukusetyenziswa kwe-respirator I-Loudemey engaphantsi, ukukhuthaza ukuthotyelwa okungcono phakathi abasebenzi bezempilo.

Ukusuka kwimbono ye-chain yoNcedo, kukho utshintsho olwenziwe kwihlabathi ukuya kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo kunye nokomelela. Amazwe amaninzi kunye neenkqubo zezempilo ezihamba kude nokuxhomekeka komthombo omnye kwaye zakhiwe iitsimu zeflethi izixhobo zokhuselo lobuqu. Oku kuthetha ukuba kuya kubakho imfuno eqhubekayo, eqinisiweyo yenqanaba eliphezulu I-N95 ii-respirators, Imaski ye-subgical, kunye nezinye izinto zokulala. Abavelisi njengathi, oko kuthetha ukugcina imigangatho ephezulu yomgangatho kunye nokuba liqabane elithembekileyo koorhulumente kunye nabathengisi bezempilo kwihlabathi liphela. Ukwazisa umahluko phakathi kwe I-respirator kunye nemaski yokuhlinzwa ngoku ixhaphake ngakumbi, ekhokelela ekukhetheni okufundileyo malunga izixhobo zokhuselo lobuqu Kuzo zombini useto loluntu kunye noluntu, ngakumbi ngamaxesha umgangatho womoya ohluphekayo okanye ukuqhambuka kwesifo.

Iindlela eziphambili zokukhumbula

• INJONGO EYENZIWEYO Injongo: A umphenyi (I-N95) yenzelwe Khusela umphathi Ukusuka entncinci Amasuntswana ahamba-moya. A imaski ye-sugical yenzelwe ukukhusela abanye kwi Ngumncedisi Amathontsi amakhulu aphelelayo.
• Ilungile kwaye itywina: A umphenyi ifuna Itywina eliqinileyo ebusweni ukuze isebenze kwaye kufuneka ivavanywe. A imaski ye-sugical Kufanelekile kwaye unezithuba.
• Ukuqunjelwa: A Isixhobo esincedisa ukuphefumla se-n95 Inobuchule obuphezulu isihluzo incinci i-aerosol amasuntswana. A imaski ye-sugical Ngaba ikakhulu umqobo onganyangekiyo we-fluid, hayi umoya ofanelekileyo isihluzo.
• Ummiselo: Kwi-U.S., abaphengululi Ukusetyenziswa emsebenzini kufuneka kube I-Niosh-yamkelwe. Imaski ye-subgical zicocwe yi-fda njenge izixhobo zonyango.
• Sebenzisa ngokufanelekileyo: Ukhetho phakathi kwe umphenyi kwaye a imaski ye-sugical kuxhomekeke kuvavanyo lomngcipheko kwingozi ethile, nokuba yiyo umoya isoyikiso okanye umngcipheko we-spashes kunye neeprayi.
• Ukufumana: Xa ufumana ezi zinto, hlala uqinisekisa ukuqinisekiswa (I-niosh, FDA, i-ASTM) kunye neqabane elinabavelisi, abavelisi abathembekileyo abanokubonelela amaxwebhu kunye nokuqinisekisa umgangatho.