Okwangoku, kwasilwa kwalo kwi-Pneumonia ebangelwa yinoveli coronavirus sele iqalile. Njengomgca wokuqala wokuzikhusela 'ngenxa yokhuseleko lococeko, kubaluleke kakhulu ukunxiba imaski ezihlangabezana nemigangatho yothintelo. Ukusuka kwi-N95 neKn95 kwiimaski zonyango, abantu abaqhelekileyo banokuba neendawo ezingaboniyo ekukhetheni iimaski. Apha sishwankathela amanqaku olwazi kwicandelo eliqhelekileyo ukukunceda uqonde ukuba i-maskis eqhelekileyo yemaski. Yeyiphi imigangatho yeemaski?
Okwangoku, imigangatho yelizwe yam yeMaski ibandakanya i-GB 2626-2019 "Ukhuseleko lokuphefumla lokuzibandakanya", i-GB 0469 " amasimi. I-GB 2626-2019 Inkumbulo yokuzihlaziya i-antist Anti-Properament "yakhutshwa nguLawulo lweZizwe zeMazwe kunye noLawulo lweSizwe ngo-2012-12-0. Kuyinto enyanzelekileyo ukuba i-2000 Ukucaciswa kwezixhobo zokuphefumla zokuphefumla, kunye nezinto, ulwakhiwo, ukulunga, kunye nokunganyangeki kweendlela zokuphefumla, ukuchongwa kwemveliso, ukupakisha, njl njl. Yiba neemfuno ezingqongqo.
GB 19083-2010 "Iimfuno zobugcisa zeMaski eziKhuselayo" zakhutshwa nguLawulo lweBholamente eMgangathweni, uhlolo kunye nolawulo lokubekwa emgangathweni nge-2010-02 kwaye zaphunyezwa ngo-2011-08-01-01. Lo mgangatho ucacisa iimfuno zobugcisa, iindlela zovavanyo, imiqondiso kunye nemiyalelo yokusetyenziswa kwemaski yokukhusela imanyano, kunye nokupakisha, ukuthutha kunye nokugcina. It is suitable for use in the medical working environment to filter airborne particles and block droplets, blood, body fluids, secretions, etc. Self-priming filtering medical protective mask. I-4.10 yomgangatho iyacetyiswa, ukuphumla kuyanyanzeleka.
Yy 0469-2011 "Imaski yonyango" yakhutshwa nguMthetho woLawulo lweZiyobisi noLawulo lukaRhulumente ngo-2011-12-31. Ngumgangatho womzi-mveliso wamachiza kwaye uya kumiliselwa ngo-2013-06-01. Lo mgangatho ucacisa iimfuno zobugcisa, iindlela zovavanyo, amanqaku kunye nemiyalelo yokusetyenziswa, ukupakisha, ukuthutha kunye nokugcinwa kwemaski yonyango. Umgangatho ucacisa ukuba ukusebenzela intsholongwane yeemaski akufuneki kungabi ngaphantsi kwe-95%.
I-GB / T 32610-2016 "Ukucaciswa kobuchwephesha beemaski zokukhusela zemihla ngemihla" kwakhutshwa nguLawulo lweGawulayo ekusebenzeni ngokusemgangathweni, uhlolo kunye nolawulo lokubekwa emgangathweni ngo-2016-04-25. Ngumgangatho wokuqala wesizwe kwiimaski zokukhusela uluntu, ngo-2016-11 -Umgangatho ophambili obandakanya izalathisi ezibonakalayo, iilebheli ezisisiseko, iileyibhile ezisisiseko, kunye nezimpawu zokunamathela. Umgangatho ufuna ukuba iimaski kufuneka zikwazi ukukhusela ngokukhuselekileyo nangokuqinileyo ngomlomo kunye nempumlo, kwaye akufuneki zibekho iikona kunye nemiphetho enokuchukunyiswa. Inemigaqo eneenkcukacha kwizinto ezinokubangela ingozi kwimizimba yabantu, njengeFomaldehyde, Dyes, kunye ne-microorganisosm, ukuqinisekisa ukuba uluntu lunokunxiba. Ukhuseleko xa unxibe imaski yokukhusela.
Zithini iimaski eziqhelekileyo?
Ngoku ezona maski zikhankanya rhoqo zibandakanya i-KN95, N95, iimaski zonyango.
Eyokuqala yi-Masks yokuqala yeKN95. Ngokutsho kodidi lwe-GB2626-2019 "ukhuseleko lokuphefumla olwenziweyo", iimaski zahlulwe zazahlula-qhina ze-KN kunye ne-KP ngokwenqanaba lokusebenza kwe-filter. Uhlobo lwe-kp lulungele ukucoca amasuntswana amathole, uhlobo lwe-Kn lulungele ukucoca amasuntswana amanyala. Phakathi kwazo, xa imaski ye-KNNA5 ifunyenwe nge-sodium chlorides, ukusebenza ngokukuko kufuneka kube ngaphezulu okanye ilingana ne-75% ye-microns (i-Media i-microns) ingaphezulu okanye ilingane ne-95%.
Imaski ye-95 yenye yemaski yokukhusela i-pieming eqinisekisiweyo yi-Niosh (iZiko leSizwe loKhuseleko lweMsebenzini). "N" kuthetha ukunganyangeki kwioyile. "95" Ithetha ukuba xa ityhilwe kwinani elithile lamasuntswana alulekileyo ovavanyo, isuntswana ngaphakathi kwimaski ingaphezulu kwe-95% engaphezulu kwe-parical distal engaphandle kwemaski.
Ke kukho imaski yonyango. Ngokwenkcazo ye-YY 0469-2019 "Imaski yoNyango", iMaski yoNyango i "inxibe ukubanjwa kwabahlali kwindawo yonyango, i-spedical masks isebenza ngamayeza anxitywa ngumsebenzi." Olu hlobo lwemaski lusetyenziswa kwiindawo zonyango ezinjengeeklinikhi zonyango, iilebhu, kunye namagumbi okusebenza, kwaye zahlulwe zangumaleko ophuma ngaphakathi ngaphakathi.
Khetha iMaski ngokwesayensi.
Iingcali zithi ukongeza ekuboneleleni ngokukhuselekileyo, inxibe imaski kufuneka ithathele ingqalelo intuthuzelo yomthelisi kwaye ingazizisi iziphumo ezingezizo njengeengozi zebhayiloji. Ngokubanzi, ukuqhubela phambili ukusebenza okukhuselayo kwemaski, kokukhona ifuthe lokuthuthuzela intuthuzelo. Xa abantu benxiba imaski kunye ne-Inhale, imaski inokuchasa okuthile ukuhamba komoya. Xa ukumelana nokuphefumla kuyinto enkulu kakhulu, abanye abantu baya kuzive benesiyezi, ukuqina kwesifuba kunye nezinye iingxaki.
Abantu abohlukeneyo banamashishini ahlukeneyo kunye nemimoya eyahlukeneyo, ke baneemfuno ezahlukeneyo zokutywina, ukhuseleko, intuthuzelo kunye nokulungelelaniswa kweemaski. Abanye abantu abakhethekileyo, njengabantwana, abantu abadala, nabantu abanezifo zokuphefumla kunye nezifo zentliziyo, kufuneka bakhethe ngononophelo uhlobo lweemaski. Kwindawo yokuqinisekisa ukhuseleko, phepha iingozi ezinje nge-hypoxia kunye nesiyezi xa uzinxiba ixesha elide.
Okokugqibela, ndikhumbuza wonke umntu ukuba nokuba loluphi uhlobo lwemaski, kufuneka ulibambe ngokufanelekileyo emva kokusetyenziswa, ukuze ungabi ngumthombo omtsha wosulelo. Idla ngokulungiselela iimaski ezimbalwa kwaye zibeke endaweni yoko ngexesha lokwakha umgca wokuqala wokhuselo ukukhuselwa kwezempilo. Ndikunqwenelela yonke impilo entle!
IXESHA LOKUQALA: UJan-01-2021