I-respirators ezilahlekileyo vs. Imaski: Isikhokelo sokukhusela amaphepha

Kwihlabathi lesixhobo esikhuselayo (i-PPE), amagama athi "i-respitor" kunye "nemaski" zihlala zisetyenziswa ngokutshintshileyo. Nangona kunjalo, kumlawuli wokuthengwa kwempahla esibhedlele njengoMarko Phompson e-USA, okanye nabani na onoxanduva lokukhuseleka emsebenzini, umahluko yinto yobomi nokufa. Imaski elula yokuhlikisi ayisiyo umphenyi. Ukuqonda i Iindidi ezahlukeneyo zabaphengululi, Yintoni i Ukucoca amagqabantshintshi ngu, kwaye kutheni I-niosh Ukuvunywa ngumgangatho wegolide kubaluleke kakhulu ekuqinisekiseni inyani Ukukhusela ukuphefumla. Njengomvelisi ogama linguAllen, ngemigca yesixhenxe yemveliso e-China enikezelwe kwizinto ezinokuthengiswa kwezonyango, ndizibonile ngokwakho ukudideka kunye neziphumo zokukhetha izixhobo ezingalunganga. Esi sikhokelo siza kuyinika ihlabathi Ukukhutshelwa komoya, chaza itekhnoloji emva kwe isihluzo Imithombo yeendaba, kwaye ikuxhobise ukuba ukhethe ilungelo umphenyi Ukhuseleko lweqela lakho.

Yintoni i-respirerator kwaye yahluke njani kwimaski yobuso esemgangathweni?

Okokuqala, masicime eyona nto iphosakeleyo. Imaski ye-rogical eqhelekileyo, njenge Ubuso bonyango Sivelisa, yenzelwe ikakhulu ukukhusela indalo ukusuka i sine. Idala isithintelo ukuba iyeke amathontsi ukusuka kwi-Debler's impumlo kunye nomlomo Ukusuka ukungcolisa isigulana okanye intsimi ye-stele. Ayenzelwe ukuba yenze itywina eliqinileyo nxamnye nobuso kwaye ayisebenzi kakuhle isihluzo mncinci kakhulu Amasuntswana ahamba-moya.

A umphenyi, kwelinye icala, sisiqwengana se izixhobo zokhuselo lobuqu yenzelwe ukuba Khusela umphathi ukusuka indlela eyiyo. Eyona njongo iphambili kukuthintela ukuphefumla kwengozi umoya Izinto, kubandakanya uthuli, umsi, amanqindi, irhasi, kwaye umphunga. Into ephambili ye umphenyi kukwazi kwayo ukwenza itywina eliqinileyo kubuso bomsebenzisi, ukunyanzela umoya ovuthayo ukuba udlule kuyo isihluzo isixhobo. Lo ngumahluko osisiseko: Imaski sisithintelo esivulekileyo solawulo lomthombo, ngelixa i umphenyi sisixhobo sokutywina esiqinileyo se Ukukhusela ukuphefumla.

Kutheni uNiosh ivunyiwe ngemigangatho yegolide yokukhusela ukuphefumla?

Xa ukhangele i umphenyi Ukuze usetyenziswe eUnited States, igama elinye limi ngaphezu kwabo bonke abanye: I-Niosh yamkelwe. I-niosh, IZiko likaZwelonke lokhuseleko emsebenzini kwaye impilo, yi-Arhente ye-U.SE-I-U.S. A umphenyi ifumene I-niosh Ukuvunywa kwenziwe kwavavanywa ngokungqongqo ukuqinisekisa ukuba ihlangabezana nemigangatho engqongqo ye Ukusebenza kakuhle, ukuphefumla, kunye nomgangatho wokwakha.

Esi siqinisekiso ayisiyo icebiso nje; Yimfuneko ye ukhuseleko emsebenzini phantsi Osha (Imigaqo yoLawulo lweMsebenzini kunye noLawulo lweMpilo). Ukuba a emsebenzini ifuna Ukukhusela ukuphefumla, kufuneka basebenzise Abaphengululi abadibana nabo i I-niosh umgangatho. Njengomenzi wokuthumela ngaphandle kuMntla Merika, siqinisekisa iimveliso zethu ezifanelekileyo, njenge Isixhobo esincedisa ukuphefumla se-n95, dibana nezi mfuno chazayo. I I-niosh Ukumakisha imvume kwi umphenyi okanye ukupakishwa kwayo sisiqinisekiso sakho sokuba isixhobo siya kubonelela nge-the Inqanaba lokukhuselwa. Ungahlala uqinisekisa isiqinisekiso ngokukhangela Uluhlu lwezixhobo eziqinisekisiweyo ze-Niosh (i-Cel).

Ilahla i-vs ehlekisayo: Yeyiphi ilungelo lokusebenza kwakho?

Abaphengululi ngokubanzi bawela kumacandelo amabini: ilahla kwaye iphinde isebenze. A Ukulahla i-respitor, ekwabizwa ngokuba yi Ukucoca i-Filling Propitor (FFR), lukhaphukhaphu umphenyi apho iyunithi iphela ilahliwe emva kokusetyenziswa. I I-N95 ngowona mzekelo ubalaseleyo ka-A Ukulahla i-respitor. Ezi zenzelwe ukukhuselwa kwi amathafa Ingozi kwaye iqhele ukusetyenziswa ngaphakathi Useto lwempilo nolwakhiwo.

Abaphengululi abanokuphinda basebenze, ngokuchaseneyo, bonakalisa uyolo amabala (a isiqingatha se-mespiece Ukugubungela impumlo kunye nomlomo okanye a Imfazwe epheleleyo oko kubandakanya ukhuseleko lwamehlo) yenziwe nge-silicone okanye irabha. Le amabala inokucocwa kwaye isetyenziswe kwakhona kwaye kwakhona. Inqaku elikhuselayo liphuma endaweni nganye Iikhatriji okanye iifilitha. Unokukhetha okuthile ikhatriji ukukhusela ngokuchasene ne ingozi, njengento ephilayo I-Vapor Cartridge, i-acid I-cartridge yegesi, okanye i-p100 Icebo lokucoca uluhlu. Abaphengululi abanokuphinda basebenze Nika izinto ezininzi zokungathathi-hlukeneyo kwiindawo ezinemimandla enezinzwa ezininzi okanye eziphezulu kodwa zifuna ukubandakanya inkqubo yokulungisa ngakumbi.

Ukuhombisa i-N95: Zeziphi ii-filpiedspiedspiators (FFRS)?

Igama elithile I-N95 ube ligama lendlu, kodwa ngokwenqanaba lesiqinisekiso sohlobo oluthile lwe Ukulahla i-respitor: I Ukucoca i-Filling Propitor (FFR). Zezi Ukukhutshelwa komoya loo nto coca iziqwengana emoyeni njengoko uphefumla. Yonke amabala ye umphenyi yenziwa isihluzo isixhobo. I "N95" I-niosh Ngokukodwa kuthetha i umphenyi isihluzo une Ukusebenza kakuhle ubuncinci i-95% ngokuchasene ne-oyile Amasuntswana ahamba-moya.

I-Niosh ivunyiwe iFFRS yiza ezininzi Imilo kunye nobukhulu ukulingana uluhlu olubanzi lobuso. Abanye banokuba nayo IVenkile yokuThumela, iflethi encinci yeplastiki evaliweyo xa sine Ihales kwaye ivula xa ikhupha. I-valve ayilunganga Ngumncedisi ukhuseleko kwaye unako yenza umphenyi wokuphefumla ngakumbi ukunxiba Ngokunciphisa ubushushu kunye nokwakha umswakama ngaphakathi amabala. Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba i-ffr iye emsebenzini, i I-FFRS itywina ebusweni bakho, ukunyanzela wonke umoya nge isihluzo. Nasiphi na izithuba ngenxa yeenwele zobuso okanye i-fit echanekileyo iya kunikezela umphenyi ukungasebenzi.

Ithini imilinganiselo ye-Niosh (n, R, iphe, 95, 99, 100) inyani?

Iikhowudi ezibonakala zibonakala kwi-a I-Niosh evunyiweyo Ngokwenene yinkqubo yokuhlelwa ngokuthe ngqo. Bakuxelela izinto ezimbini malunga ne umphenyi isihluzo: Ukuchasana kweoyile kunye neyo ukuthoba ukusebenza kakuhle.

Nantsi iqhekeza elilula:

• Ileta (ukumelana kweoyile):

  • N: Nukunganyangeki kweoyile. Olu lolona hlobo luqhelekileyo, olusetyenziselwa amathafa into enje uthuli, i-allergens, kunye ne-airphorne pathogens. I Isixhobo esincedisa ukuphefumla se-n95 Ngumzekelo ophambili.
  • R: Rebeka ioyile. Inokusetyenziswa kwiindawo ezinama-oyile, kodwa ukusetyenziswa kwayo kunqongophele rhoqo kwiiyure ezili-8.
  • P: Ioyile Puphahla. Inokusetyenziswa kwiindawo ezinamasuntswana asekwe kwi-oyile ixesha elide, njengoko kuchaziwe ngumenzi.

• Inombolo (ukusebenza kakuhle):

  • I-95: Iifayile ezingama-95% ze Amasuntswana ahamba-moya.
  • 99: Iifilitha ubuncinci i-99% ye Amasuntswana ahamba-moya.
  • 100: Iifayile ezingama-99.97% ye Amasuntswana ahamba-moya. Eli lelona nqanaba liphezulu le amathafa Ukuqulunqa kwaye ilingana ne-PAPA isihluzo. A P100 isihluzo inika olona nqanaba liphezulu amathafa ukhuseleko kwi Ukucocwa komoya.

Ke, a P100 umphenyi okanye ikhatriji ibonelela ngokhuseleko lwe-ofisi yeoyile kunye ne-99.97% yokusebenza kakuhle kwiinkcukacha, ngelixa I-N95 Ukulahla i-respitor ibonelela nge-95% yokusebenza kakuhle kwaye ayikho ukumelana neoyile.

Zeziphi izinto zokucoca umoya ngenqwelomoya ngekhatriji okanye isihluzi?

Ngaphaya kwe Ukulahla i-respitor, unayo Abaphengululi abanokuphinda basebenze Sebenzisa indibaniselwano ye amabala kwaye a ikhatriji okanye isihluzo. Ezi ziindawo zomsebenzi Ukukhusela ukuphefumla. I amabala inika itywina, kwaye ikhatriji Ngaba ukunyusa amandla okucoca umoya. A ikhatriji sisitya esizaliswe sisixhobo, njengekharbon esebenzayo, efumana okuthile igesi okanye i-vapor. A isihluzo, njenge P100 ipachake isihluzo, yenzelwe ukubamba kuphela amathafa into.

Inzuzo enkulu yale nkqubo kukuziqhelanisa nokuziqhelanisa. Umsebenzi unokusebenzisa okufanayo iphinde isebenze I-Promoritor yokuphefumla kodwa jiza i ikhatriji Kuxhomekeke emsebenzini. Ngenye imini banokufuna a ikhatriji ye-organic umphunga Ngelixa ukupeyinta, kwaye elandelayo banokuncamathisela a Icebo lokucoca uluhlu ukuba sesani. Uninzi lwee-cartridges ziikhartriki zokudibanisa, ukukhusela zombini igesi kunye ne-vapor kunye neenkcukacha. Kubaphathi bempahla yokuthenga, oku kuthetha ukulawula uluhlu lweempahla zombini zobume kunye neendidi ikhatriji kwaye isihluzo Iindidi eziyimfuneko kwingozi yendawo yakho. Iinkampani ezinje nge I-3m nikezela a Ukukhetha kwezi nkqubo.

Xa i-pirpitor ebonelelwa ngomoya okanye i-scba ekukhetho?

Yonke i Abaphengululi kunye neemaski Sithethe ngoku Ukukhutshelwa komoya. Basebenza ngokuguqula ungcoliseko oluvela emoyeni kwindalo esingqongileyo. Kodwa kuthekani ukuba umoya ngokwalo yingxaki? Kwimeko ezithile zeoksijini (ngaphantsi kwe-19,5% yeoksijini) okanye apho uxinzelelo luyingozi khona ebomini okanye impilo (i-idlh), i-idlh), i-idlh), Ukucocwa komoya ayisebenzi. Kwezi meko, ufuna umphenyi ibonelela ngokwayo icocekile Uncedo lomoya.

Zimbini iintlobo eziphambili. A I-Air-Air Prepitor ihambisa umoya wokuphefumla kwi sine Nge-hose ende enxulumene nomthombo womoya ococekileyo. Olona hlobo luphangamileyo Ukukhusela ukuphefumla Ingaba i Isixhobo sokuphefumla esinee-Apting (SCBA). Olu luhlobo olufanayo lwe izixhobo Ukusetyenziswa komlilo, apho sine Iphatha itanki yomoya oxinzelelweyo ngasemva kwabo. I-scba inikezela ngeyona iphezulu Inqanaba lokukhusela ukuphefumla kuba zizimele geqe ngokupheleleyo kwimozulu ejikelezileyo.

Uyikhetha njani ilungelo lokuphefumla?

I ukhetho olufanelekileyo ye umphenyi yinkqubo esesikweni efanele ibe yinxalenye yento ebhaliweyo Inkqubo yokuphefumla yokuphefumla. Inyathelo lokuqala kukuchonga ingozi. Yiyo amathafa NjengoSilica uthuli okanye a umsi Ukusuka kwi-welding? Yiyo irhasi njenge chlorine okanye a umphunga ukusuka kwi-solvent? Okanye ngaba yindibaniselwano?

Nje ukuba ingozi iyaziwa, kufuneka uqaphele uxinzelelo lwayo. Ngokusekwe kolu lwazi, unokukhetha i ilungelo lokuphefumla. Ngobuninzi amathafa iingozi ezingezantsi koxinzelelo oluthile, a ilahla Isixhobo esincedisa ukuphefumla se-n95 ihlala yanele. Yenye igesi okanye i-vapor, uyakufuna a Ukuphinda uqinisekise ngekhemikhali echanekileyo ikhatriji. Soloko ujonga imiyalelo yomenzi kwaye Osha Izikhokelo. Umzekelo, eminye imigaqo inokufuna a Imfazwe epheleleyo umphenyi ngaphezulu kwe isiqingatha semaski ukubonelela ngento yokhuseleko. Isicwangciso esibanzi sePPE sikwabandakanya ezinye izinto ezifana Ukuhlukaniswa Ukukhusela ngokuchasene ne-spasves kunye neengozi zonxibelelwano.

Ukubaluleka kokufanelekileyo kovavanyo olufanelekileyo ngalo naliphi na i-ProvierPirer

Unokuba nelona liphezulu P100 ikhatriji okanye umphezulu-womgca Isixhobo esincedisa ukuphefumla se-n95, kodwa ukuba ayitywina ngokufanelekileyo kwi Ngumncedisi ubuso, iphantse ibe lilize. Kungenxa yoko le nto Osha ifuna uvavanyo olufanelekileyo phambi kwe sine isebenzisa i-tight-efanelekileyo umphenyi Kwimeko engcolisekileyo kwaye ngonyaka emva koko. Uvavanyo olufanelekileyo lujonga Ukutywina kobuso bakho ngeenxa zonke imiphetho ye umphenyi.

Zimbini iintlobo zeemvavanyo ezifanelekileyo. Uvavanyo olufanelekileyo luxhomekeke kwimvakalelo yokuphela kwengca okanye yevumba lokufumana ukuvuza. Uvavanyo lobungakanani lusebenzisa umatshini ukulinganisa inani lokuvuza kwi amabala. Ixabiso elifanelekileyo libaluleke kakhulu kangangokuba nantoni na ephazamisa itywina, njengendevu, ayivumelekanga xa inxibe i-fit-efanelekileyo umphenyi. Eli nyathelo liqinisekisa ukuba izixhobo zokukhusela ngokwenene unika ukhuseleko.

Yintoni onokuyijonga kuMvelisi wee-respirators ezilahlekileyo

Umthengi onjengeMarko, ukusebenzisana nomvelisi ofanelekileyo sisitshixo. Xa ukhunjulwa Abaphathi abalahlekayo, ngakumbi i-phesheya, zininzi izinto zokuqinisekisa. Okokuqala kunye neyona nto iphambili, funa ubungqina bokuba I-niosh imvume. Cela i-TC (uvavanyo kunye nesatifikethi) inombolo ye umphenyi imodeli kwaye uyiqinisekise kwi Uluhlu lwezixhobo eziqinisekisiweyo zeNiosh.

Ngaphandle kokuqinisekiswa, buza malunga neNkqubo yoLawulo loMvelisi (QMS). Ngaba i-ISO 9001 iqinisekisiwe? Iimveliso zebanga lezonyango, ngaba bayahambelana ne-ISO 13485? Jonga iqabane elibonakala ngokucacileyo ngezinto zawo kunye neenkqubo zemveliso. Kuba I-3M yahlutha abaqhubi Okanye ezinye iimpawu ezinkulu, olu lwazi lufumaneka ngokulula. Kwabanye abathengisi, ngumsebenzi wakho ukubuza. Umenzi onokuthenjwa akasayi kuba nangxaki yokubonelela ngamaxwebhu kwaye abonakalise ukuzibophelela kwi Ukhuseleko emsebenzini kunye neMpilo. Bayaziqonda ukuba umgangatho wabo umphenyi idityaniswe ngokuthe ngqo kwimpilo yomsebenzisi wokugqibela. Siyazingca ngalo msebenzi ucacileyo, ukubonelela nge-chain ecacileyo nethembekileyo yokubonelela ngamaqabane ethu e-US, eYurophu nase-Australia.

Iqhosha lezitshixo

• I-vpitor vs. imaski: A umphenyi ukhusela i sine Ngokucoca umoya ovuthayo kwaye ufuna itywina eliqinileyo. Imaski sisithintelo esivunyiweyo esikhusela indalo esingqongileyo yamathontsi.
• I-Niosh ibalulekile: Kuba emsebenzini Sebenzisa kwi-U.S., A umphenyi mayibe I-Niosh yamkelwe. Esi siqinisekiso siqinisekisa ukuthoba intsebenzo.
• Ilahla i-vs enokuphinda isebenze: Ukuchitheka kobume bemigqaliselo (njenge I-N95) zenzelwe amathafa Ingozi kwaye ilahliwe emva kokusetyenziswa. Abaphengululi abanokuphinda basebenze Sebenzisa i-stirable amabala ngokutshintshwa Iikhatriji okanye iifilitha eyahlukileyo irhasi, umphunga, kwaye isuntswana Ingozi.
• Uqonde iireyithingi: Ileta (n, p) ibonisa ukuxhathisa kweoyile, kunye nenombolo (95, 99, 100) ibonisa ubuncinci Ukusebenza kweefreyiting.
• Ilungile yonke into: A umphenyi kufuneka ivavanywe ngokufanelekileyo kwi sine Ukuqinisekisa itywina eliqinileyo. Ngaphandle kwetywina elilungileyo, nkqu neyona ilungileyo umphenyi inika ukhuseleko oluncinci.
• Qinisekisa umthengisi wakho: Soloko uqinisekisa I-niosh Isiqinisekiso kwaye ubuze malunga neenkqubo zolawulo lomgangatho xa kufuneka Ukukhusela ukuphefumla.