Masks profirators: musiyano wekutsoropodza pakati peN95s uye kuvhiyiwa kumeso - Zhongxing

Munyika yezvekushandisa pakurapa, mazwi se "kumeso kumeso" uye "kufema" anowanzo shandiswa nenzira inoshandurwa mukutaura kwakasarudzika. Nekudaro, kuti uwane nyanzvi yekuviga saMark Thompson, maneja wemakirinari, kana maneja wechipatara, musiyano haangori semantic chete mukuchengeteka, kutevedzera, uye kudzivirirwa zvinobudirira. Semugadziri wekurasa zvekurapa zvinwiwa zvekushandisa zvine mitsara minomwe yekugadzira muChina, ini, Allen, ndaona ndezvekuvhiringidzika uye mhedzisiro yekusarudza iyo isiriyo chigadzirwa. Ichi chinyorwa chichaputsa mutsauko wakakosha pakati pemidziyo iyi, ichitsanangura chikonzero nei kufema haisi a Surgical Mask, uye vice-versa. Kunzwisisa izvi kusiyana kwakakosha pakutsvaga midziyo yakakodzera, kuchengetedza vashandi vehutano nevarwere, uye vanoverengera nzvimbo yako yakagadzirirwa chero mamiriro ezvinhu.

Ndeipi musiyano wakakosha pakati pekufema uye masokisi ekuvhiya?

Kusiyaniswa kwakanyanya pakati pe kufema uye a Surgical Mask iri muchinangwa chavo chikuru. Ipfungwa yakapusa asi yakakosha, imwe yakagadzirirwa kukudzivirira, uye imwe yakagadzirirwa kuchengetedza vanhu nenharaunda yakakukomberedza. A kufema, senge Chekufemesa chinonzi n95, chidimbu che Zvivakwa Zvekudzivirira Kwemunhu (PPE) zvakananga mainjinwi Dzivirira Anotya Kubva kuFouling Njodzi mhepo yemhepo. Funga nezvazvo seye-nzira nzira yemapapu ako. Basa rayo ndere Filter mhepo iwe Inhale. Ichi chikonzero nei zvakakodzera Kushandisa kweVashandi ibwe rekona ye kuchengetedza kwebasa Munzvimbo dzine mhepoborne njodzi.

Zvishoma, a Surgical Mask inonyanya kugadzirirwa kuti isarutiro. Basa rayo guru ndeyekuvhara yakakura-yezvinhu zvidhinha uye zvinomera zvinodzingwa kana iyo Wearer hurukuro, dzinokosora, kana sneezes. Inoita sechirongo kudzivirira iyo Wearer's Zvikamu zvekufema zvekufema kubva kusvibisa murwere kana munda usina tsvina. Nepo a Surgical Mask Chivabvu ipa iyo Wearer imwe dziviriro kubva kunze splashes, harisi iro basa rayo guru. Iyi ndiyo kiyi mutsauko pakati peguruva masks, nguo yakapfava, uye yechokwadi yekurapa-giredhi Vanoperekedza uye masokisi ekuvhiya. Kunzwisisa mutsauko uyu ndiyo yekutanga nhanho yekugadzira ruzivo rwekutenga kwekutenga chero hutano hwekugara.

Kufashya kweN95 kufema kwakagadzirirwa kuchengetedzwa kwekufema?

The the Chekufemesa chinonzi n95 ishamiso yesainzi yezvinhu, yakagadzirirwa kuti ipe zvakakwirira Kudzivirirwa Kwekuponesa. Iyo "N95" Designation ndeye chitupa kubva Nihs, uye inokuudza zvinhu zviviri: "N" zvinoreva kuti hazviratidzi pazvinhu zvemafuta-zvakavakirwa mafuta, uye "95" zvinoreva kuti zvakaedzwa kuti Filter Anosvika 95% yezvidiki zvikuru (0.3 micron) bvunzo zvidimbu. Nepo isu tinowanzofunga nezvehutachiona uye mabhakitiriya, izvi zvakare zvinosanganisira guruva, mitals, uye mafuru. Kuvakwa kwe Chekufemesa chinonzi n95 Inosanganisira akawanda mararamiro eisina-yakarukwa polymer fibers, ayo anopihwa emagetsi. Iyi muripo inoita kunge magineti, anoshingairira kukwezva uye kuteedzera kunyange iyo tintiest chidimbus izvo zvinogona kuwira kuburikidza ne Filter zvinhu.

Uku kukwirira kwakanyanya Filter kugona ndiko kunoita kuti kufema chishandiso chinoshorwa Airborne kutyisidzira. Kana a Wearer Inhales, mweya unomanikidzwa kuti ubudise nepakati pewebhu rakaenzana, uchisiya zvinokuvadza zvinosvibisa kumashure. Iyo yese dhizaini ye N95 Dhizaina Yakatarisana Nechiso Yekufema inotarisana nechinangwa chimwe: Kuona mhepo inosvika iyo Wearer's Mapapu akachena sezvinobvira. Uku kuzvipira uku kuyerera kunoparadzanisa chokwadi kufema kubva kune mamwe mafomu ekuvhara kumeso. Izvi Vanodzvinyirira vakagadzirwa yenzvimbo dzakaoma apo mweya pachawo unogona kuve nengozi, uchiita kuti dzive dzakakosha Hutano hwevashandi vehutano pamitsetse yekumberi. Kushanda kwe chero kufema hinges pane kugona kwayo Filter mweya usati wasvika inhalation.

Ndeipi basa rekuvhiya rinoita basa rei mune kugara kwehutano?

Nepo a kufema inhoo, a Surgical Mask murindi. Basa rayo mu hutano hwekugara inonyatsoenderana nezvirimo uye kudzivirirwa kwekukanganisa. Sekirasi ii Medical mudziyo, a Surgical Mask inoitirwa kudzivirira kupararira kwevamiririri vane hutachiona kubva ku Wearer kune vamwe. Kana chiremba anovhiya achigeza pamusoro pemurwere, Surgical Mask inovimbisa kuti madonhwe avo ekufema haasvibise nzvimbo yakasvibirira yekuvhiya. Uyu muenzaniso wakasarudzika we "Source kutonga." The the mask chivabvu Iva akareruka, asi zvawo zvinokanganisika pakudzivirira kutapwa-kushanda kwakakura.

Uyezve, masokisi ekuvhiya anogona zvakare ipa dhigirii rekudzivirira Wearer kupesana nengozi dzine njodzi. Ivo vanowanzocherwa nekuda kwekupokana kwavo kuti vapinde ropa uye vamwe mvura yemuviri. Izvi zvakakosha kune vanamukoti, vanachiremba, uye vamwe vashandi vanogona kuvezwa kuti vafukidzwe kana kupfira panguva yekurapa panguva yekurapa. Nekudaro, zvakakosha kuti urangarira izvo zvisingakwanisi. Nekuda kwayo kusununguka kwakakodzera, a Surgical Mask haina kuumba chisimbiso chakakomberedza kutarisana. Izvi zvinoreva kuti kana iyo Wearer inhales, mhepo inogona kubhururuka nyore mukati kubva kumativi, ichipfuura Filter zvinhu zvese zvachose. Naizvozvo, hazvipe yakavimbika Kudzivirirwa Kwekuponesa kubva mhepo yemhepo kumiswa mumhepo. The the Surgical Mask a kuraswa, kushandiswa-kushandiswa Chinhu chinotora chakakosha, asi chaicho, chinzvimbo mukudzora kwehutachiona.

Zvese zviso zviso zvakafanana? Kutarisa pamasks uye mafemu.

Iyo pandemic yakaunza rondedzero yakakura ye Chakaipa Chakaipa mune yeruzhinji lexicon, kubva kumachira emachira emachira ekunyora Vanopanduka. Izvo zvakakosha kuti vatariri vaunonyengerera kuti vanzwisise boka iri rekudzivirira. Pazasi rakanyanya kukosha rakareruka Zvipingamupinyi Chakatarisana kana machira emachira. Izvi zvinonyanya kuitirwa Kwayedza kutonga Mune marongero enharaunda uye ipa mashoma Dziviriro yeVaparidzi. Ivo vanogona kubatsira kuderedza kupuruzira kwemadonhwe kubva ku Wearer, asi kugona kwavo kwekufamba-famba uye kukwana kwakasiyana-siyana uye kusatorwa. Jira mask chivabvu kuve nani pane chinhu, asi hazvitariswe Zvishandiso Zvega Zvekudzivirira mumamiriro ekurapa.

Kukwira kumusoro Procedure masks uye masokisi ekuvhiya. Sezvatakakurukura, izvi Masks Medical zvinodzorwa Zvekushandisa Zvekushandisa yakagadzirirwa kuvhara madonhwe makuru uye splashes. Ivo vane nzvimbo mukati Healthcare Zvirongwa kushandiswa kwakawanda. Nekudaro, kunyangwe mukati meboka iri, pane huwandu hwakasiyana hwekurwisa kwemvura. Izvo zvakakosha kuti uzive izvozvo masks haisi yekunyepedzera. Izwi rekuti "kufema"Yakachengeterwa midziyo yakarongerwa ne Nihs (kana muviri wakaenzana wemuviri) izvo zvakagadzirirwa Filter mhepo yemhepo uye fomu a Chisimbiso chakasimba kumeso. Chikamu ichi chinosanganisira N95 Dhizaina Yakatarisana Nespiritores (Ffrs), pamwe nezvimwe zvinosimudzira zvishandiso senge elastomeric hafu-mask uye yakazara-kumeso Vanopanduka. The the mwero wekudzivirira inopihwa ne kufema iri mune yakasiyana yakazara kirasi kubva kune iyo yeyero kumeso kumeso.

Nei kufarirwa neNiomsh kwakanyanyisa kune iyo N95 kufema?

Kune chero sangano muUnited States vane hanya ne kuchengetedzwa kwebasa uye hutano, mavara Nihs vari kutarisisa kana zvasvika Kudzivirirwa Kwekuponesa. Nihs, the National Institute yekuchengetedza basa, ndiye U.S. Federal Agency ane mhosva yekuitisa kutsvagisa uye kugadzira mazano ekudzivirira kwekukuvara kwakabatana kwebasa uye kurwara. Chikamu chakakosha cheyamuzesa yayo ndiko kuongororwa uye certification ye Vanopanduka. Kana a kufema inogashira Nihs Kubvumidzwa, zvinoreva kuti yapfuura seti yemitengo yekuedza kwetsika, kudzidzira, uye kusimbiswa kwemhando yepamusoro. Ichi hachisi chikonzero chete; Zvemabhizimusi ebasa OSHA (Basa rekuchengetedza uye hutano hutongi), uchishandisa a Niomh-yakabvumidzwa kufema Chinhu chinodiwa chepamutemo kana kuchengetedzwa kwakadaro kuri madikanwa.

Chitupa ichi ndezvekuvimbisa kwako kuti Chekufemesa chinonzi n95 achaita sekushambadzirwa. Zvinoita kuti Filter Media mu Respirator Mask inogona kubata kanokwana 95% ye mhepo yemhepo, kusanganisira izvo zvidiki kwazvo kuti vaone. Senge mugadziri anotumira kuUSA, ini ndoziva kuti kusangana izvi zviyero hazvitauri. Izvo zvinosanganisira kurongeka kwemhando yepamusoro pane yedu yekugadzira mitsara uye zvinyorwa pachena. Kuti uwane maneja ekutakura saMako, achiona Nihs nhamba yekubvumidzwa yakadhindwa pane kufema pachayo chiratidzo chechokwadi uye kuvimbika. Inoparadzanisa chidimbu chepamutemo che zvishandiso zviri munzvimbo yebasa kubva pane zvakawanda zvekunyepedzera zvakazadza musika panguva COVID 19 Dambudziko. The the Kushandisa kweVashandi izvo Nihsh-anotenderwa chinhu chakakosha chenzvimbo yakachengeteka yebasa.

Ko, maski ekuvhiya anogona kuvhiyiwa mavairasi kunge chivakwa

Iyi ndeimwe yemibvunzo yakajairika, uye mhinduro inoda nuance. A Surgical Mask haina kugadzirwa kuchengetedza kubva kulaling Aerosol-Kuziva zvimedu zvemitambo. The the Sars-Cov-2 Virus, izvo zvinokonzera COVID 19, inogona kuendeswa kuburikidza nemadzishe makuru ekufema ekufema uye zvidiki Airborne zvimedu, kana maAerosols. A Surgical Mask inoshanda kuvharira madonhwe akakura akadzingwa kana mumwe munhu akakomberedzwa kana kutsvedza. Nekudzivirira izvi kubva kune yako muromo nemhino, inogona kuderedza njodzi yekutapukirwa. Nenzira iyi, inopa chipinganidzo chemuviri.

Zvisinei, kana iyo utachiona zviripo mune zvidiki Aerosol zvimedu zvinogona kuramba zviripo kumiswa mumhepo kwenguva yakareba, a Surgical Mask kupfupika. Its kusununguka kwakakodzera Inotendera izvi zvidimbu zvichayamwiswa kuburikidza nemapundu pamativi. Apa ndipo a kufema anokosha. An Chekufemesa chinonzi n95 yakagadzirirwa chaizvo Filter kunze aya madiki madiki madiki uye, kana wapfekedzwa nenzira kwayo ne Chisimbiso chakasimba, inoderedza zvakanyanya Wearer's kuratidzwa kune mabviro emhepo. The the Nzvimbo dzekutonga kwechirwere uye kudzivirira (CDC) inokurudzira N95s kana zvakafanana Vanopanduka Nekuti Hutano hwevashandi vehutano mumamiriro ezvinhu ane njodzi huru ye Aerosol kutapurirana. Saka, iwe uchingave pfeka mask zvekuchengetedza zvakazara, a kufema chisarudzo chakakodzera chekudzivirira Airborne kutyisidzira kwehutachiona.

Ndeapi misiyano yakakosha mugwara uye chisimbiso pakati peN95 vanofema uye masks ekuvhiya?

Kushanda kwe kufema inovimba zvizere zvachose. Nheyo yepakati ye kufema kumanikidza ese mafashama emhepo kuburikidza nayo Filter Media. Kuti uwane izvi, an Chekufemesa chinonzi n95 anofanira kuumba a Chisimbiso chakasimba zvinopesana naIshe Weather's Chiso. Ichi chisimbiso chinodzivirira chero mhepo yakasvibiswa kubva kumwedzi yakakomberedza mhepo ye kutarisana. Kuve nechokwadi chakakodzera. OSHA zvinoda vashandisi ve yakasimba-yakakodzera mafirita Kuti uwane gore regore Kuedzwa Kukodzera maitiro. Iyi proces inozivisa kuti iyo chaiyo gadzira, modhi, uye saizi ye kufema mutambo wechiso chemunhu.

Izvi zvakare nei zvinhu zvakaita chivi bvudzi kunetseka kukuru kana kupfeka zveshuwa. Ndebvu kana kunyangwe mashanga anorema anogona kukanganisa chisimbiso, kugovera iyo kufema zvisingabatsiri. Mukupesana kwakashata, a Surgical Mask yakagadzirirwa kuve yakasununguka-yakakodzera. Inongori crapy pamusoro pe Mhepo yemupopotwe nemuromo uye inoitirwa panzvimbo nenziyo kana zvisungo. Hapana tarisiro yechisimbiso. Nepo izvi zvichiita kuti ive yakasununguka yekuwedzera kupfeka, zvinoreva zvakare kuti kune zvakakosha mapapiro uko mweya usina kugadziriswa unogona kupfuudza panguva dzose inhalation uye kufema. Iyi yakakosha mutsauko pakati peasksical masks uye Vanopanduka mumakadii avo Chisimbiso chakatenderedza Chiso chacho chiri chirevo chekutanga che mwero wekudzivirira vanopa iyo Wearer. Haugone kugona kuzadzisa chisimbiso chedziviriro chine chiyero Surgical Mask.

Vashandi vehutano vanofanirwa kushandisa rini kufema vachipesana nemaski ekuvhiya?

Sarudzo pakati masks uye anodonhedza Munzvimbo yekiriniki inotsanangurwa nekuongororwa njodzi. Hutano hwevashandi vehutano inofanira kushandisa Chekufemesa chinonzi n95 kana yakakwira-chikamu kufema (kunge elastomeric kana powered mweya-kuchenesa Vanopanduka, kana mapepa) pavanenge vari panjodzi huru yekufumurwa Aerosol-zvirwere zvechirwere. Izvi zvinosanganisira kuchengeta varwere vane anozivikanwa kana kufungidzirwa Respiratory Zvirwere Zvirwere SaTimberolosis kana kuyera, uye panguva yekugadzira maAerosol yakadai seyakawisira, Bronchoscopy, kana imwe basa remazino. Mune zviitiko izvi, chinangwa ndechekupa iyo yakanyanya kugona Kudzivirirwa Kwekuponesa kune muchengeti. Vanoperekedza vanopa Kudzivirira kwakanyanya kana mweya wacho uri mukamuri raigona kuve zvinosvibisa.

A Surgical Mask, kune rumwe rutivi, yakakodzera kune ruzhinji rwezvakawanda zvekutarisira zviitiko zvekutarisira. Kana njodzi yekutanga kubva mumadonhwe, splashes, kana sprays, a Surgical Mask inopa kudzivirirwa kwakaringana. Semuenzaniso, mukoti wekupa mishonga, chiremba anoitisa kuongororwa, kana vashandi vanoshanda mukamuri yekushandisa vaiwanzoita pfeka mask. Masks zvakare Tamba chikamu chakakosha mukati Kwayedza kutonga, uye Inoshandiswa muhutano hwehutano Kudzivirira varwere vari kutsokorodza kubva mukuparadzira hutachiona. Chisarudzo pane icho Rudzi rwekutendeuka kana mask kushandisa chikamu chakakosha chehutachiona hwekudzora protocol uye Hutano uye Kuchengeteka mune chero nzvimbo yekurapa.

Semaneja wekutakura, chii chandinofanira kutarisa kana ndichinge ndasvibisa mafirita uye masokisi ekuvhiya?

Semunhu anogadzira anobata zvakananga nevanyengeri vekugovera, ini ndinonzwisisa mapoinzi ako ekurwadziwa: Ruvara rwevimbiso, kutevedzera kutevedzera, uye zvinhu zvakavimbika. Kana uchine mvura Vanoperekedza uye masokisi ekuvhiya, yako yakakodzera kushingairira kiyi. For an Chekufemesa chinonzi n95, chinhu chekutanga kuratidza ndeye yayo Nihs kubvumidzwa. Iwe unogona kutarisa nhamba yekubvumidza paCDC's Certified Equipment rondedzero. Simudzira pakuona zvinyorwa kubva mumutengesi wako. Usatya kukumbira batch traceability marekodhi. Mugadziri mukuru haazovi nedambudziko rekupa izvi. Dhizaini ye kufema, kusanganisira tambo nemhino yemhino, dzinofanira kunzwa kusimba.

Nekuti masokisi ekuvhiya, izvo zvinodiwa zvakasiyana asi sezvakakosha. MuUS, vanodzorwa neFDA. Iwe unofanirwa kutarisa masks ayo anosangana neASTM Nharaunda yezvinhu zvakaita sekukanganiswa kwehunhu, kusakwana kwehuremu (kwemabhakitiriya (kwemabhakitiriya uye zvidimbu), uye nekufema. Semuenzaniso, iyo ASTM Level 3 Chiremba wekuvhiya kumeso kumeso inopa iyo yepamusoro mwero wekudzivirirwa kwemvura. Isu tinoburitsa zvakare huwandu hwakawanda hwezvimwe zvakakosha, uye nheyo dzemhando dzinoramba dzakafanana. Kunyangwe iwe uchitenga Kuraswa PVC Nasal oxygen cannula tubes kana Zvinyorwa zveMubhedha Zvekurapa, gara uchida zvinyorwa zvakajeka uye zvitupa. Mutengesi anoonekera uye wekutaurirana ndiye wako wepamoyo wako wepamoyo mukufambisa kuoma kwehuwandu hwekuviga kwepasi rose.

Chii chinotadzisa ramangwana rekufema dziviriro uye zvisizvo zvinovhara?

The the COVID 19 PANDIMIC yakachinja zvachose mamiriro e Kudzivirirwa Kwekuponesa. Iyo yakawedzera ruzivo uye yakafumura kusasimba kwakashata mumaketani epasi rose. Kutarisira mberi, isu tinogona kutarisira kuona kukura kwevhurumu mukati kufema Tekinoroji. Iyo indasitiri inotarisisa pakugadzira Vanopanduka Izvo hazvisi kungobudirira chete asiwo kugadzikana uye kushandiswazve. Isu tiri kuona kufambira mberi muzvishandiso zvinovandudza kudzvanywa pasina kubayira zvinobudirira kwe Filter, pamwe nemagadzirirwo ezve pachena kutarisana kumeso Izvo zvinobvumidza kutaurirana zviri nani, dambudziko rakakosha panguva ye dengic. Chinangwa ndechokugadzira Respirator Shandisa zvishoma zvinorema, zvichikurudzira kutevedzera zviri nani pakati Hutano hwevashandi vehutano.

Kubva pane yekupa keteni yekutarisa, pane shanduko yepasi rose kune kusiana uye kusimba. Nyika zhinji uye masisitimu ehutano ari kufamba kubva kune imwe-sosi yekudenga uye ari kuvaka nzira dzekutengesa dze Zvishandiso Zvega Zvekudzivirira. Izvi zvinoreva kuti kuchave nekuenderera mberi kwekuenderera mberi, kutsiga kudiwa kwemhando yepamusoro N95 Respirators, masokisi ekuvhiya, uye zvimwe zvinangwa. Kune Vagadziri sesu, zvinoreva kuti kuchengetedza mwero wepamusoro-soro emhando uye kuve munhu akavimbika kuhurumende uye nehutano hunogovera pasi rese. Kuziva kwemusiyano pakati pe kufema uye kusiya mask ikozvino yanyanya kupararira, inotungamira kune sarudzo dzedzidzo dzakadzidziswa nezve Zvishandiso Zvega Zvekudzivirira mune ese mabasa epabasa uye veruzhinji, kunyanya munguva dze kunaka kwemweya kana kurwara kwechirwere.

Key kutoraya kuyeuka

• Chinangwa Chekutanga: A kufema (N95) yakagadzirirwa Dzivirira Anotya kubva kuFouling Tiny mhepo yemhepo. A Surgical Mask yakagadzirirwa kuchengetedza vamwe kubva ku Wearer's yakakura yekufema madonhwe.
• Kukwana uye chisimbiso: A kufema zvinoda a Chisimbiso chakasimba kusvika pachiso kuti ubudirire uye unofanirwa kuve wakakodzera-kuedzwa. A Surgical Mask yakasununguka-yakakodzera uye ine mapundu.
• Filtration: An Chekufemesa chinonzi n95 ine yakanyanya kunaka Filter Zvidiki Aerosol zvimedu. A Surgical Mask inonyanya kuve yakashata-inodzivirira chipinganidzo, kwete mhepo inoshanda Filter.
• Mutemo: MuU.S., Vanopanduka kushandiswa kwebasa kunofanirwa kunge kuri Nihsh-anotenderwa. Masokisi ekuvhiya anojekeswa neFDA se Zvekushandisa Zvekushandisa.
• Kushandisa Zvakakodzera: Sarudzo pakati pe kufema uye a Surgical Mask zvinoenderana nekuongororwa kwengozi kweiyo chaiyo njodzi, ingave iri Airborne kutyisidzira kana njodzi ye splashes uye sprays.
• Kunokudza: Kana uchiwana zvinhu izvi, gara uchisimbisa zvitupa (Nihs.