Masks na respirars: Itandukaniro rikomeye hagati ya N95s hamwe no kubaga isura yuruhande - Zhongxing

Mw'isi y'ibikoresho by'ubuvuzi, amagambo nka "isura mask" na "guhumeka" bikunze gukoreshwa muburyo busanzwe mubiganiro bisanzwe. Ariko, kubwisoko ryumwuga nka Mark Thompson, umuyobozi ushinzwe ivuriro, cyangwa umuyobozi wibitaro, itandukaniro ntabwo ari semantike gusa - ni ikintu gikomeye - ni ikintu gikomeye mu kurinda umutekano, kubahiriza, no kurinda neza. Nkumukoresha unywa udukoko twabitswe ufite imirongo irindwi yumusaruro mubushinwa, njyewe Allen, wabonye ubwanjye urujijo ningaruka zo guhitamo ibicuruzwa bitari byo. Iyi ngingo izasenya itandukaniro ryibanze hagati yibi bikoresho, gusobanura impamvu a guhumeka ntabwo ari a mask yo kubaga, na vice-versa. Gusobanukirwa izo ngenderwaho ni ngombwa mu guhinga ibikoresho byiza, kurengera abakozi bashinzwe ubuzima n'abarwayi, kandi ukemeza ko ikigo cyawe cyateguwe kubintu byose.

Nubuhe buryo bwibanze hagati yubuhumekero na mask yo kubaga?

Itandukaniro rikomeye riri hagati ya a guhumeka na a mask yo kubaga Kubeshya mu ntego zabo z'ibanze. Nibitekerezo byoroshye ariko byingenzi: umuntu yagenewe kukurinda, undi agenewe kurinda abantu nibidukikije. A guhumeka, nka an N95, nigice cya Ibikoresho byo Kurinda Umuntu (PPE) Byumwihariko Rinda uwambaye kuva guhumeka neza Ibice byo mu kirere. Bitekerezeho nkingabo imwe yingabo yawe. Akazi kayo ni Akayunguruzo umwuka guhumeka. Iyi niyo mpamvu ikwiye Gukoresha Ibisubizo ni imfuruka ya umutekano w'akazi mubidukikije hamwe nibyago byikirere.

Ibinyuranye, a mask yo kubaga byagenewe cyane kugenzura inkomoko. Imikorere nyamukuru ni uguhagarika ibitonyanga binini hamwe nibikoresho byirukanwa mugihe waarer ibiganiro, inkorora, cyangwa sneezes. Ikora nka bariyeri yo gukumira Uwiteka uwambaye Ibanga ryubuhumekero ryo kwanduza umurwayi cyangwa umurima wa sterile. Mugihe a mask yo kubaga irashobora tanga waarer Kurinda amasuka, ntabwo ari akazi kamwe. Uru nurufunguzo itandukaniro hagati ya masike yumukungugu, igifuniko cyoroshye, hamwe nukuri mubuvuzi guhuriza hamwe na masike yo kubaga. Gusobanukirwa Itandukaniro nintambwe yambere yo gukora ibyemezo byabibonye byafashwe kuri buri Igenamiterere ry'ubuzima.

Nigute uwahumeka na n95 yagenewe kurengera ubuhumekero?

The N95 ni igitangaza cyubumenyi bwibintu, cyagenewe gutanga ibikuru Kurinda Ubuhumekero. Igenamigambi rya "N95" ni icyemezo cyatanzwe Niosh, Kandi irakubwira ibintu bibiri: "N" Bisobanura ko bitarwanya ibice bishingiye kuri peteroli, na "95" bivuga ko byageragejwe Akayunguruzo byibuze 95% ya mato mato cyane (micron) ibizamini. Mugihe dukunze gutekereza kuri virusi na bagiteri, ibi birimo kandi umukungugu, ibigato, numwotsi. Kubaka an N95 bikubiyemo ibice byinshi bya filyment ya polyment, bihabwa amafaranga ya electrostatic. Iki kirego gikora nka rukuruzi, gikurura kandi gikurura no gufata neza ibices ibyo bishobora kunyura muri Akayunguruzo ibikoresho.

Ubu buryo bwo hejuru Akayunguruzo ubushobozi nibyo bituma guhumeka igikoresho gikomeye ikirere iterabwoba. Iyo a waarer Uhumeka, umwuka uhatirwa kunyura kuri urubuga rugoye rwa fibre, usiga umwanda wangiza inyuma. Igishushanyo cyose cya N95 Kuyungurura Ubuhungiro yibanze ku ntego imwe: kwemeza umwuka ugera kuri uwambaye ibihaha birasukuye bishoboka. Nubu bwiyegurira gukandaba bitandukanya nukuri guhumeka Uhereye ku bundi buryo bwo gupfukamo. Ibi Ibisubizo byateguwe Kubidukikije bigoye aho ikirere ubwacyo gishobora kuba ibyago, bituma ntaharangwamo Abakozi bashinzwe ubuzima ku murongo w'imbere. Imikorere ya kimwe guhumeka Imyize ku bushobozi bwayo Akayunguruzo ikirere mbere guhumeka.

Ni uruhe ruhare mask yo kubaga igira mu rwego rwo gushiraho ubuzima?

Mugihe a guhumeka ni ingabo, a mask yo kubaga ni umurinzi. Uruhare rwarwo muri a Igenamiterere ry'ubuzima ni mubyukuri bijyanye nibikubiyemo hamwe nuburinzi bwa bariyeri. Nk'icyiciro cya II igikoresho cyo kwa muganga, a mask yo kubaga igamije gukumira ikwirakwizwa ryabakozi bandura bava muri waarer kubandi. Iyo umuganga ubaga ashishikariye umurwayi, the mask yo kubaga kwemeza ko ibitonyanga byabo byubuhumekero bitanduza urubuga rudasanzwe. Uru ni urugero rwiza rwo "kugenzura inkomoko." The mask irashobora Jya woroshye, ariko ingaruka zacyo mu gukumira indwara zamapongo nyuma.

Byongeye kandi, masike yo kubaga nayo irashobora Tanga urwego rwo kurinda waarer kurwanya ibyago by'amazi. Bakunze kwipimirwa kugirango barwanye kwinjira mumaraso ya synthique nibindi amazi yumubiri. Ibi ni ingenzi kubaforomo, abaganga, nabandi bakozi bashobora guhura namasuka cyangwa abashora mugihe cyubuvuzi. Ariko, ni ngombwa kwibuka aho ubushobozi. Kubera ibyayo Gukora, a mask yo kubaga ntabwo ikora ikimenyetso hafi ya Impera. Ibi bivuze ko iyo waarer Uhumeka, umwuka urashobora kumeneka mumpande, urenga Akayunguruzo ibintu rwose. Kubwibyo, ntabwo itanga ibyo byizewe Kurinda Ubuhumekero Kuva Ibice byo mu kirere guhagarikwa mu kirere. The mask yo kubaga ni a Byashoboka, Koresha Ikintu gifite akamaro, ariko gisobanutse, kirimo kugenzura kwandura.

Byose biragitwikiriye kimwe? Kureba masike n'abahumanya.

Icyorezo cyatangije umurongo mugari wa ISOKO RY'ISOKO mu ruhame lexicon, uhereye muri masike y'ibikorwa byo mu rugo kugira ngo ahangane guhumeka. Ni ngombwa ko umwuga wo gutanga amasoko kumva iyi nzego yo kurinda. Kurwego rwibanze rworoshye Inzitizi Isura cyangwa masike. Ibi bigenewe cyane cyane kugenzura isoko Muburyo bwabaturage no gutanga minimal Kurinda uwambaye. Barashobora gufasha kugabanya spray ibitonyanga biva kuri waarer, ariko ubushobozi bwabo bwo kurwara kandi bukwiye burahinduka kandi ntibisanzwe. Umwenda mask irashobora ube mwiza kuruta ubusa, ariko ntibisuzumwa Ibikoresho byo Kurinda Umuntu mu buvuzi.

Guhaguruka maskes na masike yo kubaga. Nkuko twaganiriye, ibi maskes bigengwa Ibikoresho byo kwa muganga yagenewe guhagarika ibitonyanga binini no kumeneka. Ni staple in Igenamiterere ryubuzima Kuri rusange. Ariko, no muriki cyiciro, hariho urwego rutandukanye rwo kurwanya amazi. Ni ngombwa kumenya ko masike ntabwo ari ibihurira. Ijambo "guhumeka"Ibikoresho byagenewe ibikoresho byemejwe na Niosh (cyangwa urwego mpuzamahanga ruhwanye) rwagenewe Akayunguruzo Ibice byo mu kirere hanyuma ukore a Ikidodo mu maso. Iki cyiciro kirimo N95 Kuyungurura Ububiko (FFRS), kimwe nibikoresho bikomeye nka elastomeric igice-mask nubwoko bwuzuye guhumeka. The urwego rwo kurinda yatanzwe na a guhumeka ni mubyiciro bitandukanye rwose kuva mubisanzwe isura ya mask.

Kuki Niosh yemejwe cyane kubahuzwa na N95?

Kumuryango uwo ari wo wose muri Amerika bireba umutekano wumwuga nubuzima, inyuguti Niosh ni premount iyo bigeze Kurinda Ubuhumekero. Niosh, the Ikigo cy'igihugu gishinzwe umutekano w'akazi, nicyo kigo cyatanzwe na U. Kubana ushinzwe gukora ubushakashatsi no gutanga ibyifuzo byo gukumira igikomere n'indwara. Igice cyingenzi cyinshingano zayo nigigeragezo no kwemeza guhumeka. Iyo a guhumeka yakira Niosh Kwemerwa, bivuze ko byatsinze ibizamini byakurikiranye byo kuba impamyabumenyi yo kugisimba, guhumeka, no kwizigira ubuziranenge. Ibi ntabwo ari igitekerezo gusa; kubakozi bayobowe na Osha (Imitekano ishinzwe umutekano n'ubuzima), ukoresheje a Niosh-yemewe ni ngombwa byemewe mugihe cyo kurinda ari ngombwa.

Iri tegeko ni garanti yawe ko N95 Uzakora nkuko byamamajwe. Iremeza Akayunguruzo itangazamakuru muri mask irashobora gufata byibuze 95% ya Ibice byo mu kirere, harimo nazo nto cyane kugirango ubone. Nkumuganda wohereza muri USA, nzi ko guhuza aya mahame atari impaka. Harimo kugenzura ubuziranenge bukomeye kumirongo yumusaruro hamwe ninyandiko zitwara. Kubashinzwe gutanga amasoko nka Mariko, kubona Niosh Inomero yemewe yacapwe kuri guhumeka ubwayo nikimenyetso cyukuri kandi kwizerwa. Itandukanya igice cyemewe cya ibikoresho ku kazi uhereye ku myirere myinshi yuzuye isoko mugihe cya Covid-19 Ikibazo. The Gukoresha Ibisubizo nibyo Niosh-yemejwe ni ikintu gikomeye cyibidukikije byakazi.

Ese amagambo yo kubaga arashobora kuyungurura virusi nka Covid-19?

Iki nikimwe mubibazo bisanzwe, kandi igisubizo gisaba nuance. A mask yo kubaga ntabwo yagenewe kurinda guhumeka aerosol-ibice bya virusi. The SARS-COV-2, ibyo bitera Covid-19, irashobora kwanduzwa mubitonyanga binini byubuhumekero kandi bito ikirere ibice, cyangwa aerotol. A mask yo kubaga ni ingirakamaro muguhagarika ibitonyanga binini birukanwa mugihe umuntu akorora cyangwa asukuye. Mukurinda kugera kubyo umunwa n'amazuru, irashobora kugabanya ibyago byo kwandura. Muri ubu buryo, itanga inzitizi yumubiri.

Ariko, iyo virusi ni ahantu hato aerosol ibice bishobora kuguma yahagaritswe mu kirere igihe kinini, a mask yo kubaga Kugwa. Yayo Gukora yemerera ibi bice guhumeka binyuze mubyiciro kumpande. Aha niho a guhumeka iba ngombwa. An N95 yagenewe cyane Akayunguruzo hanze yibi bice bito kandi, mugihe cyambarwa neza na a Ikidodo, bigabanya cyane uwambaye Guhura n'ibice by'indege. The Ibigo byo kugenzura indwara no gukumira indwara (CDC) irasaba N95s cyangwa bihwanye guhumeka kuri Abakozi bashinzwe ubuzima mubihe bifite ibyago byinshi bya aerosol Kohereza. Noneho, mugihe ushobora kwambara mask Kumurinzi muri rusange, a guhumeka ni amahitamo akwiye yo kwirinda ikirere iterabwoba.

Ni irihe tandukaniro ryingenzi muburyo bukwiranye na kashe hagati yubuzima bwa N95 hamwe na masike yo kubaga?

Imikorere ya a guhumeka ni kwishingikiriza rwose. Ihame ryibanze rya A. guhumeka ni uguhatira umwuka wuzuye uhumeka unyuze Akayunguruzo itangazamakuru. Kugirango ubigereho, an N95 igomba gukora a Ikidodo kurwanya Uwiteka Isura ya Wearer. Ikidodo kibuza umwuka wanduye urya hejuru yimpande za Impera. Kugirango ukemure neza, Osha bisaba abakoresha Ibisubizo bikwiranye kurwana buri mwaka kwipimisha inzira. Iyi nzira igenzura ko gukora ibintu byihariye, icyitegererezo, nubunini bwa guhumeka ni umukino wo mumaso yumuntu.

Ibi kandi ni ukubera iki ibintu bimeze umusatsi wo mumaso ni impungenge zikomeye iyo kwambara abaspiramators. Ubwanwa cyangwa ibyatsi biremereye birashobora guhungabanya kashe, guhindura Uwiteka guhumeka Ntakora. Mu buryo butandukanye, a mask yo kubaga yagenewe kuba ikwiye. Ikurura gusa Amazuru n'umunwa kandi ifashwe mu mwanya wo gutwi cyangwa guhuza. Nta gutegereza kashe. Mugihe ibi bituma birushaho kuba byiza kwambara kwambara, bivuze kandi ko hari icyuho gikomeye aho umwuka utuzuye ushobora kurengana byoroshye muri byombi guhumeka na guhumeka. Iyi shingiro itandukaniro hagati ya masike yo kubaga na guhumeka muburyo funga isura ni primaire igena urwego rwo kurinda Batanga waarer. Ntushobora gushobora kubigeraho Ikidodo kikingira gifite bisanzwe mask yo kubaga.

Ni ryari abakozi bushinzwe ubuvuzi bakoresha ubuhumekero na mask yo kubaga?

Guhitamo hagati masike n'abahumanya mubidukikije byateganijwe nisuzuma rifite ibyago. Abakozi bashinzwe ubuzima igomba gukoresha an N95 cyangwa urwego rwo hejuru guhumeka (nka elastomeric cyangwa imbaraga zo kweza ikirere guhumeka, cyangwa paprs) iyo bafite ibyago byinshi byo guhura aerosol-Kwiza indwara. Ibi birimo kwita kubarwayi bazwi cyangwa bakekwaho gukekwa indwara zandurwa Kimwe nigituntu cyangwa iseru, no mugihe cya Aerosel-ibiza nkibitekerezo, Bronchoscopy, cyangwa akazi k amenyo. Muri ibi bihe, intego ni ugutanga byinshi bishoboka Kurinda Ubuhumekero kubarezi. Ibisubizo bitanga Ubwunganizi bukomeye mugihe umwuka wicyumba ushobora kuba a umwanda.

A mask yo kubagaKu rundi ruhande, birakwiye ko umubare munini wo kwitondera ibibazo bisanzwe. Iyo ibyago byibanze biva mubitonyanga, kumenagura, cyangwa sprays, a mask yo kubaga itanga uburinzi buhagije. Kurugero, umuforomo atanga imiti, umuganga ukora ikizamini gisanzwe, cyangwa abakozi bakora mucyumba cyo gukora bwari mubisanzwe kwambara mask. Mask nayo Kina uruhare runini muri kugenzura isoko, na ikoreshwa mu buryo bwubuzima Kubuza abarwayi koroga gukwirakwiza mikorobe. Icyemezo kuriwo Ubwoko bw'ubuhumekewe cyangwa mask gukoresha ni ikintu cyibanze cya protocole igenzura kandi Ubuzima n'umutekano mu buvuzi ubwo aribwo bwose.

Nkumuyobozi ushinzwe amasoko, ni iki nkwiye gushakisha mugihe ushakisha ibihutira hamwe na masike yabaga?

Nkumukora usabana numwuga utanga amasoko, ndumva amanota yawe yububabare: Ubwishingizi bwujuje ubuziranenge, kubahiriza amategeko, hamwe nibikoresho byizewe. Iyo guhuriza hamwe na masike yo kubaga, Umwete wawe ukwiye ni urufunguzo. Kuri an N95, ikintu cya mbere cyo kugenzura nicyo Niosh kwemerwa. Urashobora kugenzura umubare wemewe kurutonde rwa CDC rwemewe rwibikoresho. Shimangira kubona ibyangombwa bivuye mu itanga isoko. Ntutinye gusaba icyiciro cya motch. Uwakoze uzwi ntakibazo azaba afite. Igishushanyo cya guhumeka, harimo imishumi n'izuru, bigomba kumva bikomeye.

Kuri masike yo kubaga, ibisabwa biratandukanye ariko nkibyingenzi. Muri Amerika, bagengwa na FDA. Ugomba gushakisha masike yujuje ubuziranenge mpuzamahanga muri ASTM kubintu nkibirwanya amazi, kurwara neza (kuri bagiteri nigice), no guhumeka. Kurugero, urwego rwa ASTM 3 Ubuvuzi bwo kubaga muri mask itanga urwego rwohejuru rwo kurinda amazi. Turatanga kandi izindi nyubako zitandukanye, kandi amahame yo ubuziranenge akomeza kuba umwe. Waba ugura Byakozwe PVC Nasal Oxygen Umuyoboro wa Cannula cyangwa Amabati yubuvuzi, burigihe usabe ibyangombwa nibikorwa. Utanga umucyo kandi ushyikirana numukunzi wawe mwiza mugutera imbaraga zimisoko yisi yose.

Ni iki ejo hazaza hateganijwe kurengera ubuhumekero no gupfukirana mu maso?

The Covid-19 icyorezo cyahindutse burundu Kurinda Ubuhumekero. Yihutisha guhanga udushya no kwerekana intege nke zikomeye muminyururu yisi yose. Dutegereje imbere, dushobora kwitega kubona gukomeza iterambere muri guhumeka ikoranabuhanga. Inganda zibanze ku kurema guhumeka ibyo ntibirushijeho gukora neza gusa, ariko nanone byoroshye kandi birashobora gukoreshwa. Turimo tubona iterambere ryibikoresho biteza imbere ubutusite butatanze umusaruro wa Akayunguruzo, kimwe nibishushanyo kugirango biboneke Ubuhungiro Byubahiriza Ibyo byemerera itumanaho ryiza, ikibazo gikomeye mugihe icyorezo. Intego ni ugukora Gukoresha Ubuhume bike biremereye, gutera inkunga kubahiriza neza hagati Abakozi bashinzwe ubuzima.

Kuva mu rubavu rw'ibitekerezo, hari ihinduka ryisi yose ritandukana no kwihangana. Ibihugu byinshi na sisitemu yubuvuzi bigenda kure yumuntu umwe wishingikirije kandi wubaka ububiko bwibikorwa bya Ibikoresho byo Kurinda Umuntu. Ibi bivuze ko hazabaho icyifuzo cyakomeje, gihamye kubwiza-ubuziranenge N95 Ibisubizo, masike yo kubaga, hamwe nizindi ziba. Kubakora nkatwe, bivuze gukomeza ubuziranenge bwo hejuru bwubwiza no kuba umufatanyabikorwa wizewe kubutegetsi nabatanga ubuvuzi kwisi yose. Kumenya itandukaniro riri hagati ya a guhumeka hamwe na mask yo kubaga Ubu ni byinshi cyane, biganisha kumahitamo menshi yize Ibikoresho byo Kurinda Umuntu muburyo bwo kukazi ndetse na rubanda, cyane cyane mugihe cya Ubwiza bwo mu kirere cyangwa indwara.

Urufunguzo rwibanze rwo kwibuka

• Intego y'ibanze: A guhumeka (N95) yagenewe Rinda uwambaye Kuva Guhumeka THING Ibice byo mu kirere. A mask yo kubaga yagenewe kurinda abandi muri uwambaye ibitonyanga binini byubuhumekero.
• Bikwiranye na kashe: A guhumeka bisaba a Ikidodo Ku maso kugirango ugire akamaro kandi ugomba kugeragezwa neza. A mask yo kubaga ni ikwiye kandi ifite icyuho.
• Kuzungurwa: An N95 ifite uburyo bwo hejuru Akayunguruzo kuri gito aerosol ibice. A mask yo kubaga ni bariyeri irwanya amazi, ntabwo ari umwuka mwiza Akayunguruzo.
• Amabwiriza: Muri Amerika, guhumeka Gukoresha akazi bigomba kuba Niosh-yemejwe. Masike yo kubaga bakuweho na FDA nka Ibikoresho byo kwa muganga.
• Gukoresha neza: Guhitamo hagati ya a guhumeka na a mask yo kubaga Biterwa no gusuzuma ingaruka zibangamiye, yaba an ikirere iterabwoba cyangwa ibyago byo kumenagura no kurya.
• Voice: Iyo utanga ibyo bintu, burigihe kugenzura ibyemezo (Niosh, FDA, ASTM) kandi ifatanya numucyo, abakozi bizewe bashobora gutanga ibyangombwa no guharanira ubuziranenge.