Ibisubizo byanze V. Masike: umuyobozi ushungura amabara - Zhongxing

Mw'isi y'ibikoresho byo kurinda umuntu (PPE), ingingo "ihumeka" na "mask" ikunze gukoreshwa muburyo bumwe. Ariko, kubashinzwe gutanga amasoko y'ibitaro nka Mark Thompson muri Amerika, cyangwa kubantu bose bashinzwe umutekano wakazi, itandukaniro ni ikibazo cyubuzima nurupfu. Mask yoroshye yo kubaga ntabwo ari a guhumeka. Gusobanukirwa Ubwoko butandukanye bw'abahuba, mbega ukuntu a Gushungura Imperuka ni, n'impamvu Niosh kwemerwa ni standard standard ni ngombwa kugirango ubone ukuri Kurinda Ubuhumekero. Nkumukoresha witwa Allen, hamwe n'imirongo irindwi yumusaruro mubushinwa yeguriwe ibijyanye no kunywa ubuvuzi, nabonye ubwanjye urujijo ningaruka zo guhitamo ibikoresho bitari byo. Aka gatabo kazashushanya isi ya Ibisubizo byo kweza ikirere, sobanura ikoranabuhanga inyuma ya Akayunguruzo itangazamakuru, no kuguha imbaraga zo guhitamo iburyo guhumeka Kubwumutekano wawe.

Ubuhumetswe ni iki kandi bitandukaniye he na mask isanzwe?

Ubwa mbere, reka dusobanure hejuru imyumvire minini. Mask isanzwe yo kubaga, nka Ubuvuzi bwo kubaga muri mask Dutanga, yateguwe cyane cyane kurengera ibidukikije Kuva the waarer. Irema inzitizi kugirango ihagarike ibitonyanga kuva uwambaye izuru n'umunwa kuva kwanduza umurwayi cyangwa umurima wa sterile. Ntabwo yagenewe gukora kashe ifatanye mumaso kandi ntabwo igenda neza Akayunguruzo hanze cyane Ibice byo mu kirere.

A guhumeka, kurundi ruhande, nigice cya Ibikoresho byo Kurinda Umuntu yagenewe Rinda uwambaye Kuva ibidukikije. Intego nyamukuru yayo ni ukubuza guhumeka kwangiza ikirere ibintu, harimo umukungugu, imyumbavu, mibi gaze, na imyuka. Ikintu cyingenzi cya a guhumeka nubushobozi bwayo bwo gukora ikimenyetso gifatanye mumaso yumukoresha, guhatira umwuka uhumeka kugirango unyure Akayunguruzo ibikoresho. Ngiyo itandukaniro ryibanze: mask ni inzitizi irekuye zo kugenzura inkomoko, mugihe a guhumeka ni igikoresho-gifunze Kurinda Ubuhumekero.

Kuki Niosh yemeza ibipimo bya zahabu kubusambanyi?

Iyo uhiga a guhumeka Kugira ngo ukoreshe muri Amerika, ijambo rimwe rihagaze kuruta abandi bose: Niosh yemejwe. Niosh, the Ikigo cy'igihugu gishinzwe umutekano w'akazi n'ubuzima, nicyo kigo cya Federal U. A guhumeka ibyo byinjije Niosh kwemerwa byagiye bipimisha gukomera kugirango bihuze nibipimo bikomeye kuri Kuzuza imikorere, kwatereranwa, n'ubwiza bwo kubaka.

Iri tegeko ntabwo ari igitekerezo gusa; Nibisabwa umutekano w'akazi munsi Osha (Ubuyobozi bw'umutekano w'akazi n'ubuzima). Niba a AKAZI bisaba Kurinda Ubuhumekero, bagomba gukoresha ibihutira guhura the Niosh bisanzwe. Nkumurimo wohereza muri Amerika ya ruguru, tureba ibicuruzwa byacu bifitanye isano, nka an N95, humura ibi bisabwa. The Niosh Kwemeza kuri guhumeka cyangwa gupakira byayo ni garanti yawe ko igikoresho kizatanga ibyavuzwe urwego rwo kurinda. Urashobora guhora ugenzura icyemezo ugenzura Niosh yemejwe ibikoresho (cel).

Byakozwe na Respirars Revirators: Niki gikwiye aho ukorera?

Ibisubizo muri rusange bigwa mu byiciro bibiri: Byashoboka na Byashobokaga. A Ubuhumekewe, uzwi kandi nka a Gushungura Impurus (FFR), ni ikintu cyoroshye guhumeka aho igice cyose cyajugunywe nyuma yo gukoreshwa. The N95 ni urugero rwiza cyane rwa a Ubuhumekewe. Ibi byateguwe kugirango birinde kwishyiriraho ibyago kandi bikunze gukoreshwa muri Igenamiterere ryubuzima no kubaka.

Bishoboka, bitandukanye, byerekana iraraza Impera (a Igice cya Facepiece gutwikira izuru n'umunwa cyangwa a facepiece yuzuye ibyo kandi birimo kurinda amaso) bikozwe muri silicone cyangwa reberi. Ibi Impera irashobora gusukurwa no gukoreshwa inshuro nyinshi. Ikintu cyo kurinda kiva mu gusimburwa amakarito cyangwa muyunguruzi. Urashobora guhitamo umwihariko karitsiye kurinda umwihariko ibyago, nk'ibinyabuzima impyisi, aside Cartridge, cyangwa p100 Akayunguruzo. Bishoboka Tanga uburyo bwinshi bwibidukikije hamwe nibibazo byinshi cyangwa byinshi-byibandaho ariko bisaba gahunda yo kubungabunga.

Gutesha agaciro N95: Gushungura Ibisubizo (FFR)?

Ijambo N95 yabaye izina ryurugo, ariko ni murwego rwo kwemeza ubwoko bwihariye bwa Ubuhumekewe: the Gushungura Impurus (FFR). Ibi ni Ibisubizo byo kweza ikirere ibyo Akayunguruzo kuva mu kirere uko uhumeka. Byose Impera ya guhumeka ikozwe Akayunguruzo ibikoresho. Igenamigambi rya "N95" kuva Niosh byihariye bisobanura guhumeka Akayunguruzo ifite a Kuzuza imikorere byibura 95% kurwanya ntabwo ari oily Ibice byo mu kirere.

Niosh yemewe ffrs Ngwino muri benshi imiterere n'ubunini guhuza isura nini. Bamwe barashobora kugira an Umumbunganya, flap ntoya ya plastike ifunga iyo waarer guhumeka no gufungura iyo bihujwe. Iyi valve ntabwo ibangamira uwambaye Kurinda kandi birashobora kora ibihumekewe neza kwambara Kugabanya ubushyuhe nubushuhe imbere muri Impera. Ni ngombwa kwibuka ko kuri ffr gukora, the Ffrs kashe yo kurwanya isura yawe, guhatira umwuka wose unyuze muri Akayunguruzo. Icyuho icyo ari cyo cyose kubera umusatsi wo mumaso cyangwa ibintu bidakwiye bizahindura Uwiteka guhumeka Ntakora.

Ibipimo bya Niosh (n, p, 55, 99, 100) mubyukuri bisobanura iki?

Kode isa nkaho iri kuri a Niosh yemewe nuwahutswe mubyukuri nuburyo bwo gutondeka. Bakubwira ibintu bibiri kuri guhumeka Akayunguruzo: kurwanya peteroli noyo gukanda gukora neza.

Hano hari igisenyuka cyoroshye:

• Ibaruwa (kurwanya peteroli):

  • N: Not irwanya amavuta. Ubu ni ubwoko bukunze kugaragara, bukoreshwa kuri kwishyiriraho ibintu nka umukungugu, allergens, na page ya airborne. The N95 ni urugero rwiza.
  • R: Rgassiyant to peteroli. Irashobora gukoreshwa mubidukikije hamwe na mibo yamavuta, ariko ikoreshwa ryayo muri rusange rigarukira kumasaha 8 y'amasaha.
  • P: Amavuta Pigisenge. Irashobora gukoreshwa mubidukikije hamwe nibice bishingiye kuri peteroli kubihe byagutse, nkuko byagenwe nuwabikoze.

• Umubare (Filtration Efficiency):

  • 95: Muyungurura byibuze 95% ya Ibice byo mu kirere.
  • 99: Muyungurura byibuze 99% ya Ibice byo mu kirere.
  • 100: Muyungurura byibuze 99.97% ya Ibice byo mu kirere. Uru nirwo rwego rwo hejuru rwa kwishyiriraho kuzungurwa kandi bihwanye na Hepa Akayunguruzo. A P100 Akayunguruzo itanga urwego rwo hejuru rwa kwishyiriraho Kurinda an Ubuhujwe.

Rero, a P100 guhumeka cyangwa karitsiye Gutanga uburinzi bwa peteroli hamwe na 99.97% kubuntu kubuntu, mugihe an N95 Ubuhumekewe itanga 95% imikorere kandi ntabwo kurwanya amavuta.

Niki gihumeka ikirere gifite amakarito cyangwa akayunguruzo?

Kurenga Uwiteka Ubuhumekewe, ufite Bishoboka ibyo bikoresha guhuza a Impera na a karitsiye cyangwa Akayunguruzo. Aya ni akazi k'inganda Kurinda Ubuhumekero. The Impera itanga ikimenyetso, na karitsiye Ese guterura cyane kweza umwuka. A karitsiye ni kontineri yuzuyemo ibikoresho, nka karubone ikora, ikurura umwihariko gaze cyangwa imyuka. A Akayunguruzo, nka a P100 pancake Akayunguruzo, yashizweho kugirango afate gusa kwishyiriraho ikibazo.

Ibyiza byiyi sisitemu ni ngombwa. Umukozi arashobora gukoresha kimwe Byashobokaga Ubuhungiro Bwiza ariko uhinduke karitsiye Ukurikije inshingano. Umunsi umwe bashobora gukenera a karitsiye kuri kama imyuka mugihe gushushanya, hanyuma bizagemeka a Akayunguruzo ku mucanga. Amakarito menshi ari amakarito menshi, kurinda byombi gaze na vapoor kimwe n'imiterere. Kubayobozi bashinzwe amasoko, ibi bivuze gucunga ibarura ryinshi ndetse nibinyuranye karitsiye na Akayunguruzo ubwoko bukenewe kubibazo byihariye. Ibigo nka 3m tanga a Guhitamo muri sisitemu.

Ni ryari imbaraga zo guhumeka cyangwa scba inzira yonyine?

Byose guhumeka na masike Twaganiriye kugeza ubu Ibisubizo byo kweza ikirere. Bakora mugushungura umwanda mukirere mubidukikije. Ariko tuvuge iki mugihe ikirere ubwacyo nikibazo? Mubidukikije ni ogisijeni-kubura (munsi ya 19.5% ogisijeni) cyangwa aho kwibanda kwanduye guhitana ubuzima cyangwa ubuzima (Idlh), an Ubuhujwe ntazakora. Muri ibi bihe, ukeneye a guhumeka itanga isuku yacyo gutanga ikirere.

Hariho ubwoko bubiri bwingenzi. A itangwa-guhumeka gutanga umwuka uhumeka kuri waarer Binyuze mu mwenda muremure uhujwe na isoko isukuye. Uburyo bwateye imbere Kurinda Ubuhumekero ni Kwikunda Guhumeka (Scba). Ubu ni ubwoko bumwe bwa ibikoresho gukoresha abashinzwe kuzimya umuriro, aho waarer itwara ikigega cyumwuka ufunzwe inyuma. SCBA itanga hejuru Urwego rwo kurinda ubuhumekero Kuberako byigenga rwose mu kirere kibakikije.

Nigute ushobora guhitamo guhumeka neza kubibazo byihariye bya Airborne?

The Guhitamo neza ya guhumeka ni inzira yemewe igomba kuba igice cyanditse Gahunda yo kurengera ubuhumekero. Intambwe yambere nukumenya ingaruka. Ni a kwishyiriraho nka silica umukungugu cyangwa a fum Kuva gusudiku? Ni a gaze nka chlorine cyangwa a imyuka Kuva ku muti? Cyangwa ni ihuriro?

Iyo ingaruka zimaze kumenyekana, ugomba kumenya kwibanda. Ukurikije aya makuru, urashobora guhitamo Ubuhumekewe. Kuri rusange kwishyiriraho ibyago munsi yimyumvire runaka, a Byashoboka N95 akenshi birahagije. Kuri Byihariye gaze cyangwa imyuka, uzakenera a Bishoboka hamwe n'imiti ikwiye karitsiye. Buri gihe ujye ubaza amabwiriza yabakozwe na Osha umurongo ngenderwaho. Kurugero, amabwiriza amwe arashobora gusaba a facepiece yuzuye guhumeka hejuru ya kimwe cya kabiri gutanga ikintu cyo hejuru cyo kurinda. Gahunda yuzuye ya PPE ikubiyemo nibindi bintu nka Gukabya kurinda amasuka no guhura nibibazo.

Akamaro kanini k'ikizamini gikwiye kubihumeka

Urashobora kugira iterambere ryinshi P100 karitsiye cyangwa hejuru-yumurongo N95, ariko niba idakira neza kuri uwambaye mu maso, ntacyo bimaze. Iyi niyo mpamvu Osha bisaba ikizamini gikwiye mbere ya a waarer ikoresha igikwiye guhumeka Mubidukikije byanduye kandi buri mwaka. Ikizamini gikwiye cyo kugenzura funga mumaso yawe hirya no hino impande za guhumeka.

Hariho ubwoko bubiri bwibizamini byiza. Ikizamini cyujuje ubuziranenge cyishingiraho kubwo buryohe cyangwa impumuro kugirango umenye kumeneka. Ikizamini gisanzwe gikoresha imashini kugirango upime umubare nyawo wo kumeneka muri Impera. Ikintu gikwiye ni ngombwa kuburyo ikintu cyose kibangamira kashe, nkibyago, ntibyemewe mugihe wambaye neza guhumeka. Iyi ntambwe iremeza ko Ibikoresho byo kurinda mubyukuri itanga uburinzi.

Ibyo Gushakisha Mubikorwa bya Respiras

Kubaguzi nka Mark, gufatanya nuwabikoze neza ni urufunguzo. Iyo Ibisubizo byatewe, cyane cyane kuva mumahanga, hariho ibintu byinshi byo kugenzura. Mbere na mbere, icyifuzo gisaba Niosh kwemerwa. Saba TC (Kwipimisha no kwemeza) nimero yihariye guhumeka icyitegererezo no kubigenzura kuri Niosh yemejwe urutonde rwibikoresho.

Birenze icyemezo, ubaze kubijyanye na sisitemu yo gucunga ubuziranenge (qms). Nibo 5001 byemewe? Kubicuruzwa byo mu rwego rwo kwivuza, barubahiriza ISO 13485? Shakisha umufasha ukorera mubikorwa byabo no gutunganya umusaruro. Kuri 3M ishoboka Cyangwa ibindi bicuruzwa bikomeye, aya makuru araboneka byoroshye. Kubandi batanga, ni akazi kawe kubaza. Uruganda rwizewe ntirushobora gutanga inyandiko no kwerekana ko twiyemeje umutekano wumwuga nubuzima. Bumva ko ireme ryabo guhumeka ihujwe nubuzima bwumukoresha. Twishimiye kuri iki mucyo, dutanga urunigi rusobanutse kandi rwizewe kubafatanyabikorwa bacu muri Amerika, Uburayi, na Ositaraliya.

ABAFATANYIJE

• Guhumeka na mask: A guhumeka irinda Uwiteka waarer mugushungura umwuka uhumeka kandi bisaba kashe ifatanye. Mask ni inzitizi irekuye irinda ibidukikije ibitonyanga bihujwe.
• NIOSH ni ngombwa: Kuri AKAZI Koresha muri U.S. guhumeka igomba kuba Niosh yemejwe. Iri nguzanyo zemeza gukanda imikorere.
• Byakoreshejwe VS. Byashobokaga: Kuyungurura Akayunguruzo (nka N95) ni kwishyiriraho ibyago kandi bijugunywa nyuma yo gukoreshwa. Bishoboka Koresha iraraza Impera hamwe no gusimbuza amakarito cyangwa muyunguruzi kuri bitandukanye gaze, imyuka, na ibice ibyago.
• Sobanukirwa amanota: Ibaruwa (n, r, p) yerekana kurwanya peteroli, numubare (95, 99, 100) byerekana byibuze kwikuramo ibice.
• Bikwiranye nibintu byose: A guhumeka igomba kuba nziza kugeza kuri waarer kugirango hafungurwe kashe. Udafite ikimenyetso cyiza, ndetse nibyiza guhumeka Tanga uburinzi buke.
• Kugenzura uwatanze isoko: Burigihe wemeze Niosh Icyemezo hanyuma ubaze kuri sisitemu yo gucunga ubuziranenge mugihe ugana Kurinda Ubuhumekero.