Kodi Miyezo Ya Zovala Zodzipatula Zachipatala Ndi Chiyani? - ZhongXing

Polimbana ndi matenda opatsirana, zida zodzitetezera (PPE) zimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri poteteza ogwira ntchito yazaumoyo komanso odwala. Mwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya PPE, zovala zodzipatula zachipatala ndizofunikira popewa kufalikira kwa matenda m'malo azachipatala. Kuonetsetsa kuti madiresi amenewa amapereka chitetezo chokwanira, ayenera kukwaniritsa miyezo ndi malangizo. Kumvetsetsa mfundozi ndikofunikira kwambiri kuzipatala posankha zovala zoyenera antchito awo.

Cholinga cha Medical Zovala Zodzipatula

Zovala zodzipatula pazachipatala zidapangidwa kuti ziteteze ogwira ntchito yazaumoyo komanso odwala kuti asatengedwe ndi matenda, makamaka m'malo omwe amakhala ndi madzi am'thupi, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, kapena zowononga zina. Zovala izi zimapanga chotchinga pakati pa wovalayo ndi magwero omwe angathe kutenga matenda, kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha matenda opatsirana. Zovala zodzipatula zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo osiyanasiyana azachipatala, kuphatikiza zipatala, zipatala, ndi ma labotale, ndipo ndizofunikira makamaka pakabuka matenda opatsirana.

Miyezo Yofunika Kwambiri pa Zovala Zodzipatula Zachipatala

Mabungwe angapo akhazikitsa miyezo ya zovala zodzipatula zachipatala kuti zitsimikizire kuti zikuyenda bwino komanso chitetezo chake. Miyezo iyi imayang'ana mbali zosiyanasiyana za kavalidwe kavalidwe, kuphatikiza mtundu wazinthu, kapangidwe kake, komanso kukana madzimadzi.

1. Miyezo ya Chitetezo ya AAMI

Bungwe la Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation (AAMI) lapanga dongosolo lamagulu lomwe limayika zovala zachipatala m'magulu anayi kutengera momwe zimagwirira ntchito. Gululi limadziwika kwambiri ndipo limagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo azachipatala.

• Gawo 1: Amapereka chitetezo chotsikitsitsa, choyenera paziwopsezo zochepa monga chisamaliro chambiri kapena kuyendera zipatala wamba. Zovala za Level 1 zimapereka chotchinga chopepuka polimbana ndi kutuluka kwamadzimadzi.
• Gawo 2: Amapereka chitetezo chapamwamba kuposa Level 1, choyenera pazochitika zochepa monga kutulutsa magazi kapena kuwotcha. Zovala izi zimapereka chotchinga chapakati pamadzimadzi.
• Gawo 3: Zapangidwira paziwopsezo zochepa, monga kuyika chingwe cholumikizira m'mitsempha (IV) kapena kugwira ntchito mchipinda chadzidzidzi. Zovala za Level 3 zimapereka mlingo wapamwamba wa kukana kwamadzimadzi ndipo ndizoyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'madera omwe akukumana ndi madzi am'thupi.
• Gawo 4: Amapereka chitetezo chapamwamba kwambiri, choyenera pazochitika zowopsa monga opaleshoni kapena kuthana ndi madzi ambiri. Zovala za Level 4 zimapereka chotchinga chathunthu kumadzimadzi ndipo nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'zipinda zogwirira ntchito kapena panthawi yowonekera kwambiri.

2. Miyezo ya ASTM

American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) imayika miyezo ya zinthu zakuthupi zodzipatula zachipatala, kuphatikiza kukana kwawo kulowa kwamadzimadzi. Miyezo ya ASTM, monga ASTM F1670 ndi ASTM F1671, imayesa kuthekera kwa zida zobvala kuti zisalowe m'magazi opangidwa ndi ma virus opangidwa ndi magazi, motsatana. Miyezo iyi ndi yofunikira pozindikira mphamvu ya mikanjo poteteza ku kuipitsidwa.

3. Malangizo a FDA

U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) imayang'anira mikanjo yodzipatula ngati zida zamankhwala za Gulu II. A FDA amafuna kuti opanga apereke umboni kuti mikanjo yawo imakwaniritsa miyezo yeniyeni yogwirira ntchito, kuphatikiza kukana kwamadzimadzi, kulimba, komanso kupuma. Zovala zomwe zimakwaniritsa zofunikirazi zimalembedwa kuti "zochita opaleshoni" kapena "zopanda opaleshoni," malingana ndi zomwe akufuna. Zovala zosapanga opaleshoni nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito posamalira odwala, pomwe zobvala za opaleshoni zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo osabala.

Zipangizo ndi Zolinga Zopangira

Zovala zodzipatula zachipatala ziyenera kupangidwa kuchokera kuzinthu zomwe zimapereka chitetezo chokwanira ndikusunga chitonthozo ndi kupuma. Zida zodziwika bwino zimaphatikizapo spun-bond polypropylene, polyethylene-coated polypropylene, ndi SMS (spunbond-meltblown-spunbond) nsalu. Zidazi zimasankhidwa chifukwa cha kuthekera kwawo kukana kulowa kwamadzimadzi pomwe zimalola kuti mpweya uziyenda, kulepheretsa wovalayo kuti asatenthedwe.

Mapangidwe a chovalacho n'chofunikanso kwambiri kuti chikhale chogwira ntchito. Zovala zodzipatula zachipatala nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi manja aatali okhala ndi ma cuffs zotanuka, zofunda zonse kutsogolo, ndi matayelo kapena zotsekera za Velcro kumbuyo kuti zitsimikizire kukhala zotetezeka. Zovala ziyenera kukhala zosavuta kuvala ndi kuchotsa, kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha kuipitsidwa panthawi ya doffing.

Kutsimikizira Ubwino ndi Kuyesa

Kuti awonetsetse kuti zovala zodzipatula zachipatala zikukwaniritsa zofunikira, ziyenera kuyesedwa mozama komanso njira zotsimikizira kuti zili bwino. Opanga amapanga mayeso kuti awone kukana kwamadzimadzi kwa chovalacho, kulimba kwamphamvu, komanso kukhulupirika kwa msoko. Mayesowa amathandizira kutsimikizira kuti mikanjo imatha kupirira zofunikira zamalo azachipatala komanso kupereka chitetezo chodalirika.

Mapeto

Zovala zodzipatula zachipatala ndi gawo lofunikira kwambiri la PPE m'malo azachipatala, zomwe zimapereka chotchinga motsutsana ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda komanso kuchepetsa chiwopsezo chotenga kachilomboka. Kuti awonetsetse kuti akugwira ntchito bwino, mikanjo iyi iyenera kukwaniritsa miyezo yokhazikitsidwa ndi mabungwe monga AAMI, ASTM, ndi FDA. Pomvetsetsa ndi kutsatira mfundozi, zipatala zimatha kusankha zovala zoyenera zodzipatula kwa ogwira ntchito, kupititsa patsogolo chitetezo komanso kuteteza onse ogwira ntchito yazaumoyo komanso odwala ku matenda. Pomwe kufunikira kwa PPE yapamwamba kukukulirakulira, ndikofunikira kuika patsogolo zovala zomwe zimakwaniritsa mfundo zokhwimazi, kuwonetsetsa kuti zimagwira ntchito momwe zikufunikira m'malo ovuta kwambiri azachipatala.