Upangiri Wamphamvu Kwambiri Kumaso Masks Ndi Zopumira za N95 Pazaumoyo - ZhongXing

M'dziko logula zinthu zachipatala, ndi zinthu zochepa zomwe zili zofunika kwambiri koma zovuta kwambiri monga nkhope chigoba. Kuchokera ku zosavuta chigoba opaleshoni kwa akatswiri kwambiri Chopumira cha n95, kumvetsetsa zapang'onopang'ono sikungokhudza kumvera-komanso kuteteza miyoyo. Monga woyang'anira zogula, muli patsogolo pakufufuza, ndipo zisankho zomwe mumapanga zimakhudza kwambiri odwala komanso chisamaliro chamoyo akatswiri. Bukuli ndi lanu. Monga Allen, wopanga yemwe ali ndi zaka zopitilira khumi akupanga zinthu zachipatala zotayidwa m'misika yapadziko lonse lapansi monga USA ndi Europe, ndikufuna kuthetsa chisokonezocho. Tidzaphunzira zosiyanasiyana mitundu ya masks, sinthani malamulowo, ndikupereka zidziwitso zotheka kuti zikuthandizeni kupeza molimba mtima. Izi si nkhani ina; ndikuyang'ana kuseri kwa chinsalu kuchokera kumawonedwe afakitale, opangidwa kuti ayankhe mafunso anu ovuta kwambiri.

Kodi Pali Kusiyana Kotani Pakati pa Chigoba Chopangira Opaleshoni ndi Chopumira cha N95?

Poyamba, a chigoba opaleshoni ndi a Chopumira cha n95 Zitha kuwoneka zofanana, koma ntchito zawo, mapangidwe ake, ndi zomwe azigwiritsa ntchito ndizosiyana. A chigoba opaleshoni ndi omasuka, zotayidwa chipangizo chomwe chimapanga a chotchinga chakuthupi pakati pa pakamwa ndi pamphuno wovala ndi zoipitsa zomwe zitha kuchitika m'malo omwe ali pafupi. Cholinga chake chachikulu ndikuletsa tinthu tating'onoting'ono dontho kupatsirana, monga splashes kapena kupopera, kuteteza ena ku mpweya wa wovalayo. Masks opangira opaleshoni amapangidwa wa nsalu zosalukidwa ndipo nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo osabala panthawi yamankhwala kuti tetezani wodwalayo ndi katswiri wazachipatala ku kusamutsa tizilombo, madzi amthupi,ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono. Komabe, chifukwa cha kutayika kotayirira, nthawi zambiri pamakhala a kusiyana pakati pa m'mphepete mwa chigoba ndi nkhope, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti sizipereka chitetezo chokwanira ku kupuma pang'ono zandege particles.

An Chopumira cha n95, kumbali ina, ndi a kupuma chitetezo chipangizo chopangidwa kukwaniritsa kwambiri kukwanira kumaso komanso yothandiza kwambiri kusefera za zandege particles. Dzina la "N95" limatanthawuza kuti akayesedwa mosamala, a chopumira imaletsa osachepera 95 peresenti ya tinthu tating'onoting'ono (0.3 micron) toyesa. Izi zimapangitsa kuti Chopumira cha n95 yothandiza polimbana ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono ndi akulu. Mosiyana ndi a chigoba opaleshoni, ndi Chopumira cha n95 lapangidwa kuti lisindikize mwamphamvu kumaso, kukakamiza mpweya wokoka mpweya ndi wotulutsa mpweya kudutsa fyuluta zakuthupi. Chisindikizo cholimba ichi ndi chofunikira kwambiri kuti chigwire bwino ntchito. Pachifukwa ichi, zimatengedwa ngati zida zodzitetezera (PPE) cholinga amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuteteza ndi wovala kuchoka pakukumana ndi tinthu tating'ono ta mpweya toipa.

Kunena mwachidule, a chigoba opaleshoni imateteza chilengedwe kuchokera ndi wovala, pamene a Chopumira cha n95 amateteza wovala kuchokera chilengedwe. Monga woyang'anira zogula, kumvetsetsa kusiyana uku ndi gawo loyamba pakuwonetsetsa kuti malo anu akuperekedwa ndi mtundu woyenera wa chigoba kwa ntchito yoyenera. Simungagwiritse ntchito njira yosavuta chigoba panthawi yopanga aerosol, ndipo simungafune ndalama zambiri N95 kwa mlendo akuyenda mumsewu. Kupanga chisankho choyenera kumawonjezera chitetezo ndikuwongolera ndalama moyenera.

Kodi Masks Akuchipatala Amayendetsedwa Motani M'makonzedwe Osiyanasiyana a Zaumoyo?

Lamulo la masks azachipatala ndi mbali yovuta yomwe imakhudza mwachindunji chitetezo cha odwala ndi othandizira, ndipo imasiyana kwambiri malinga ndi mtundu wa chigoba ndi kukhazikitsa. Mu U.S., Bungwe la Food and Drug Administration (FDA) ndi National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NDIOSH), gawo la CDC, ndi matupi oyamba omwe lamulirani mankhwala awa. Ndi njira ziwiri zomwe zingakhale zosokoneza, koma zimatsimikizira kuti aliyense chigoba imakwaniritsa miyezo yeniyeni yogwiritsiridwa ntchito kwake. Kwa akatswiri ogula zinthu, izi siziri zofiira zokha; ndi chitsimikizo chanu chaubwino ndi chitetezo.

Masks opangira opaleshonimwachitsanzo, amayendetsedwa ndi FDA monga zida zamankhwala za Class II. Ayenera kukwaniritsa zofunikira zenizeni chitetezo chamadzimadzi chotchinga ndi kusefera kuchita bwino. The FDA's regulation pansi 21 CFR 878.4040 imafotokoza miyezo ya izi masks njira zamankhwala. Amayesedwa pazinthu monga bacterial filtration performance (BFE), particulate filtration performance (PFE), kukana madzimadzi, komanso kuyaka. Izi zikutanthauza kuti chigoba imatha kupirira kudontha kwa magazi kapena zinthu zina zopatsirana pakuchita opaleshoni. A chigoba kuti FDA-yachotsedwa zimakupatsirani chidaliro kuti zidawunikiridwa kuti zitetezeke komanso kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito mu a chisamaliro chaumoyo. Izi ndi mitundu ya muyezo masks akumaso azachipatala a 3-ply okhala ndi malupu m'makutu zomwe ndizofunikira pa chisamaliro cha odwala komanso kuwongolera matenda.

Kusefa zopumira za nkhope (FFRs), monga N95s, amalamulidwa mosiyana. Ngati apangidwa kuti azigwiritsidwa ntchito m'makampani (monga zomangamanga), amayang'aniridwa ndi NDIOSH pansi 42 CFR Gawo la 84. NDIOSH amayesa ndikutsimikizira kuti zopumirazi zimakumana ndi kusefera kochepa komanso zomanga. Komabe, pamene a Chopumira cha n95 lakonzedwa kuti ligwiritsidwe ntchito mu a chisamaliro chaumoyo kuteteza ku tizilombo toyambitsa matenda opangidwa ndi mpweya, ziyenera kukwaniritsa zofunikira za onse NDIOSH ndi FDA. Zida zovomerezeka ziwirizi zimadziwika kuti opaleshoni ya N95 respirators. Amapereka chitetezo cha kupuma kwa an N95 ndi chitetezo chotchinga madzimadzi a chigoba opaleshoni.

Kodi Mungafotokoze Maudindo a NIOSH ndi FDA mu Kuvomerezeka kwa Mask?

Kumvetsetsa maudindo osiyana a NDIOSH ndi FDA ndizofunikira kwambiri kwa woyang'anira zogula aliyense kupeza chitetezo cha kupuma. Aganizireni ngati akatswiri awiri osiyana akuwonetsetsa kuti chinthucho ndi chotetezeka komanso chogwira ntchito kuchokera kumakona awiri osiyana. National Institute for Chitetezo ndi Thanzi Pantchito (NDIOSH) ndi bungwe lofufuza lomwe limayang'ana kwambiri chitetezo cha ogwira ntchito. Ntchito yake yayikulu yokhudzana ndi zopumira ndikuyesa ndikutsimikizira kuti zimakwaniritsa zomanga zolimba, kusefera, ndi miyezo yoyendetsera ntchito. Pamene mukuwona a NDIOSH chilolezo pa Chopumira cha n95, zikutanthauza kuti chigoba yayesedwa mwamphamvu kuti iwonetsetse kuti imasefa pafupifupi 95% ya tinthu tating'ono ta mpweya tomwe si mafuta. Chitsimikizochi ndichokhudza kuteteza wogwira ntchito-panthawiyi, a chisamaliro chamoyo akatswiri.

Bungwe la Food and Drug Administration (FDA), komano, amawongolera masks azachipatala ndi zida zowonetsetsa kuti ndizotetezeka komanso zothandiza paumoyo wa anthu. Za a chigoba opaleshoni kapena a opaleshoni ya N95 yopumira, ndi FDAChidwi ndi ntchito yake ngati chipangizo chachipatala. The FDA amawunikiranso zinthuzi kudzera mu a chidziwitso cha malonda [510(k)] kugonjera kuti awone ngati ali otetezeka kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito pazachipatala makonda osamalira. The FDA's chilolezo chimayang'ana pa zinthu monga kukana madzimadzi, biocompatibility (kuonetsetsa kuti zinthuzo sizingakwiyitse khungu), komanso kuyaka. The FDANtchito yake ndi ku lamulirani ndi chigoba monga chotchinga choteteza ku splashes, zopopera, ndi madontho akulu akulu, omwe ndi ofunikira panthawi ya opaleshoni. ndondomeko zoteteza wodwala ndi wopereka chithandizo.

Choncho, mwachidule:

• NDIOSH imatsimikizira chopumiraluso la fyuluta particles airborne kuteteza wovala.
• FDA zoyera a chigoba opaleshoni kapena opaleshoni ya N95 yopumira kuti chigwiritsidwe ntchito ngati chida chachipatala, choyang'ana pa kuthekera kwake kuchita ngati a chotchinga madzimadzi.

A muyezo mafakitale Chopumira cha n95 zosowa zokha NDIOSH kuvomereza. Koma a opaleshoni ya N95 yopumira zosowa onse NDIOSH chivomerezo cha kuthekera kwake kusefera ndi FDA chilolezo chogwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chipangizo chopanda madzimadzi. Monga wogula, ngati mukufuna a chopumira kwa chipinda chopangira opaleshoni kapena zoikamo zina zomwe zili ndi chiopsezo chotaya madzimadzi, muyenera kuyang'ana a chigoba zomwe zili ndi ziyeneretso zonse ziwiri.

Chifukwa Chiyani Kukwanira Moyenera Ndikofunikira Kwambiri kwa N95 Respirator?

An Chopumira cha n95 chimangogwira ntchito ngati chisindikizo chake. Pamene a fyuluta media idapangidwa kuti itseke osachepera 95% ya tinthu tating'onoting'ono, chitetezo chapamwambachi chimafowoketsedwa ngati mpweya ukhoza kutayikira kuzungulira. m'mphepete mwa chigoba. Uku ndiye kusiyana kofunikira kwambiri pakati pa a chopumira ndi muyezo nkhope mask. A chigoba opaleshoni amakokera pankhope, koma Chopumira cha n95 imapangidwa kuti a kukwanira kumaso. Popanda chisindikizo cholimba ichi, mpweya woipitsidwa udzatsatira njira yochepetsera kukana, kudutsa fyuluta ndi kulowa m'malo opumira a wovala kudzera mu kusiyana. Izi zimatsutsa cholinga chenicheni cha kuvala kusefa kwapamwamba chopumira.

Kupeza a zoyenera imaphatikizapo njira zingapo. Choyamba, ndi chopumira ziyenera kukhala kukula koyenera ndi mawonekedwe a nkhope ya wogwiritsa ntchito. Si nkhope zonse zofanana, chifukwa chake opanga ambiri amapereka zitsanzo ndi kukula kwake kosiyana. Chachiwiri, ndi wovala ayenera kuphunzitsidwa mmene kuvala bwino ndi kuvula chigoba. Izi zikuphatikizapo kupinda mphuno kuti zigwirizane ndi mlatho wa mphuno ndi pakamwa dera ndikuwonetsetsa kuti zingwe zakhazikika bwino. Pomaliza, chifukwa ntchito kugwiritsa ntchito mu U.S., OSHA imafuna kuti ogwira ntchito apambane mayeso oyenera. Iyi ndi njira yoyendera yomwe imayang'ana ngati pali kudontha kwa chisindikizo. Zinthu monga tsitsi lakumaso imatha kusokoneza chisindikizocho, kupanga kuyesa koyenera kukhala kosatheka ndikupereka chopumira osathandiza.

Monga manejala wogula zinthu, udindo wanu umapitilira kungogula N95s. Ndizokhudza kuonetsetsa kuti bungwe lanu lili ndi pulogalamu yoteteza kupuma. Izi zikutanthauza kupereka zosiyana chopumira zitsanzo kuti zigwirizane ndi maonekedwe osiyanasiyana a nkhope ndikuthandizira maphunziro oyenerera ndi ma protocol oyenerera. A mtengo Chopumira cha n95 zomwe sizikugwirizana ndi aliyense si malonda; ndi udindo. Kulankhulana ndi omwe akukugulirani za makulidwe ndi mawonekedwe omwe amakupatsirani ndi gawo lofunikira pakugula mwanzeru. Wopanga wodalirika akuyenera kukupatsani mwatsatanetsatane komanso kuthandizira pulogalamu yoyezera malo anu.

Kodi Opaleshoni ya N95 Respirators Ndi Chiyani Ndipo Ndi Yofunika Liti?

A Opaleshoni yopumira ya N95 ndiye hybrid champion wa masks azachipatala, kumapereka chitetezo chapamwamba kwambiri pazovuta makonda azaumoyo. Zimaphatikiza mawonekedwe a muyezo Chopumira cha n95 ndi a chigoba opaleshoni. Izi zikutanthauza kuti sizimangopereka chitetezo chovomerezedwa ndi NIOSH chopumira ku tinthu ta mpweya komanso FDA-yachotsedwa ngati a Kalasi II chipangizo chamankhwala chifukwa chokana kulowa kwamadzimadzi. Ganizirani ngati a N95 kuvala malaya amvula. Zapangidwa kuti tetezani wodwalayo ndi akatswiri azaumoyo (HCP) panthawi yomwe pali chiopsezo chachikulu cha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda opangidwa ndi mpweya ndi splashes kapena kupopera magazi ndi madzi amthupi.

Zopumira za zolinga ziwirizi ndizopadera cholinga ntchito m'malo omwe kuuma ndi kutetezedwa ku mpweya ndi madzimadzi ndizofunikira kwambiri. Izi zikuphatikizapo zipinda zogwirira ntchito, madipatimenti adzidzidzi panthawi yosamalira anthu ovulala, komanso panthawi yopangira aerosol kwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda odziwika kapena omwe akuwakayikira, monga intubation kapena bronchoscopy. The kufalikira kwa COVID-19 anabweretsa kufunika kwa Opaleshoni N95 kumayang'ana kwambiri, popeza idapereka chitetezo chokwanira ku kachilombo komwe kamafalikira kudzera m'malovu ndi ma aerosols. The zotchinga zamadzimadzi kapena kusefera bwino mwa maskswa amayesedwa mwamphamvu kuti atsimikizire kuti amapereka chishango chodalirika.

Pofufuza, ndikofunikira kutsimikizira kuti a chigoba kugulitsidwa ngati "Opaleshoni N95" imatsimikiziridwa moona ndi onse awiri NDIOSH ndi FDA. Muyenera kupeza a NDIOSH nambala yovomerezeka pa chopumira lokha (mwachitsanzo, TC-84A-xxxx) ndikutsimikizira kuti zachotsedwa ndi FDA pansi kodi MSH. Kugwira ntchito ndi wothandizira wowonekera yemwe angapereke zolemba izi popanda kukayikira sikungakambirane. Ngakhale zopumira izi ndizokwera mtengo, ndizofunikira kwambiri PPE pachiwopsezo chachikulu makonda osamalira, ndipo kunyalanyaza khalidwe lawo si njira.

Kodi Ma Vavu Otulutsa Mpweya pa Mpweya Wopumira Amasokoneza Chitetezo Pamakonzedwe Achipatala?

Ma valve otulutsa mpweya pa a chopumira ndi mawonekedwe opangidwa kuti azitonthoza, koma ali ndi tanthauzo lalikulu kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito mu a chisamaliro chaumoyo. A valavu ndi njira imodzi yomwe imatsegula pamene wovala amapuma, kulola mpweya wofunda, wonyowa kutuluka mosavuta. Izi zimapangitsa kuti chopumira omasuka kuvala kwa nthawi yayitali komanso amachepetsa kutentha mkati chigoba. Kwa ogwira ntchito m'mafakitale, monga omwe akumanga kapena kupanga, ichi ndi chinthu chabwino kwambiri. Komabe, muzachipatala, makamaka pakuwongolera magwero, zomwezo valavu limakhala vuto lalikulu.

Funso ndiloti valavu yotulutsa mpweya amalola kuti madontho a kupuma osasefedwa a wovalayo atulutsidwe mwachindunji ku chilengedwe. Pamene a valavu sichisokoneza chitetezo cha munthu amene wavala chopumira, imakaniratu cholinga cha chigoba popewa wovala kuchokera ku kufalitsa majeremusi kwa ena. M'munda wosabala kapena posamalira odwala omwe ali ndi chitetezo chamthupi, izi ndizovuta zosavomerezeka. Pa nthawi ya COVID 19 mliri, ndi CDC amalimbikitsidwa kuti asagwiritse ntchito zopumira ndi ma valve otulutsa mpweya kuwongolera magwero, monga momwe amachitira pang'ono kuthandiza kuchepetsa kufalikira kwa kachilomboka kuchokera kwa munthu yemwe ali ndi kachilomboka.

Choncho, pafupifupi onse makonda azaumoyo, zopumira ndi ma valve otulutsa mpweya sizoyenera. Pamene inu kuvala nkhope chigoba m’chipatala kapena m’chipatala, cholinga chake n’chowirikiza: dzitetezeni ndi kuteteza amene ali pafupi nanu. A valavu chopumira amangokwaniritsa cholinga choyamba. Monga manejala wogula zinthu, iyi ndi mfundo yofunika kwambiri kuti muyang'ane. Pokhapokha ngati mukugula zachindunji ntchito ntchito yomwe kuwongolera magwero sikuli kodetsa nkhawa (yomwe imakhala yosowa chisamaliro chamoyo), muyenera kusankha nthawi zonse N95s kapena zopumira zina popanda a valavu. Izi zikutanthauza kuti mwapereka chitetezo chabwino kwa chilengedwe chonse cha chisamaliro.

Kodi Ndiyenera Kuyang'ana Chiyani Ndikapeza Masks Achipatala Kuchokera Kumayiko Akunja?

Kupeza masks azachipatala kuchokera kwa wopanga m'dziko ngati China akhoza kukhala opindulitsa kwambiri potengera mtengo ndi voliyumu, koma zimafunikira khama komanso njira yomveka bwino. Monga mwini fakitale, ndimalankhula ndi oyang'anira zogula ngati inu tsiku lililonse, ndipo ndikudziwa nkhawa zanu. Chofunikira ndikusunthira kupitirira mtengo ndikuyang'ana pa mgwirizano ndi kutsimikizira. Choyamba, funani kuwonekera kwa zolembedwa. Wopanga odziwika angakupatseni satifiketi yawo ya ISO 13485 (ya machitidwe owongolera zida zamankhwala), zolemba za CE (zamisika yaku Europe), ndi chilichonse chofunikira. FDA zikalata zolembetsa kapena chilolezo. Osamangotengera mawu awo; funsani zolembazo ndikudziwa momwe mungatsimikizire.

Chachiwiri, kulumikizana ndi chilichonse. Chimodzi mwazinthu zowawa kwambiri zomwe ndimamva ndikulumikizana kosakwanira. Mufunika wogulitsa yemwe ali ndi gulu lomvera, lolankhula Chingerezi komanso gulu lothandizira lomwe limamvetsetsa zofunikira zanu zaukadaulo ndi zowongolera. Afunseni mafunso atsatanetsatane okhudza momwe amapangira, kuwunika kowongolera, ndi njira zotsatirira. Kodi angakuuzeni ndendende zomwe zidalowamo chigoba mukugula? Wokondedwa wabwino akhoza. Mulingo watsatanetsatanewu ndiwofunikiranso pakukonza zinthu. Kambiranani nthawi yotsogolera, njira zotumizira, ndi njira zolipirira kutsogolo kuti mupewe kuchedwa komwe kungapangitse malo anu kukhala opanda zinthu.

Pomaliza, taganizirani za mankhwalawo. Funsani zitsanzo musanayike dongosolo lalikulu. Mukawalandira, pendani mosamalitsa khalidwe lawo. Onani ma welds pa makutu malupu, kumva kwa nsalu yopuma, ndi kukhulupirika kwa mphuno. Fananizani ndi a chigoba mukudziwa ndikudalira. Kodi ndikumva kufooka? Kodi pali fungo lachilendo? Izi zing'onozing'ono zikhoza kukhala zizindikiro za nkhani zazikulu zoyendetsera khalidwe. Kupeza ndalama kuchokera kutsidya kwa nyanja ndikumanga chikhulupiriro. Ndi mgwirizano womwe mbali zonse ziwiri zimapindula ndi kumveka bwino, khalidwe, ndi kulankhulana momasuka. Kaya mukuyang'ana zovala zapamwamba zodzipatula kapena yosavuta nkhope mask, mfundo za kusamala koyenerazi zimagwira ntchito nthaŵi zonse.

Kodi Mliri wa COVID-19 Unasintha Bwanji Malo a Masks a Nkhope?

The COVID 19 mliri chinali chochitika cha zivomezi chomwe chinasinthanso kumvetsetsa kwapadziko lonse lapansi ndikugwiritsa ntchito nkhope mask. Chaka cha 2020 chisanafike, m'maiko ambiri akumadzulo, chigoba-kuvala kunali kotsekereza makonda azaumoyo. Mliriwu unasintha chigoba kukhala chizindikiro chodziwika bwino chaumoyo wa anthu ndi udindo wa anthu, wovala ndi anthu onse tsiku ndi tsiku. Kufuna kosaneneka kumeneku kudapangitsa kuti pakhale vuto lalikulu lazachuma padziko lonse lapansi, kuwonetsa kusatetezeka ndikupangitsa kuti pakhale kuchuluka kwamakampani opanga zinthu zatsopano, zovomerezeka komanso zachinyengo. Kwa akatswiri ogula zinthu, msika udakhala malo osokonekera a zilembo zatsopano (KN95, FFP2), ogulitsa osatsimikizika, ndi zinthu zabodza.

Chimodzi mwazofunikira kwambiri chinali kuyang'ana kwambiri pakuwongolera magwero. Uthenga woyamba wa zaumoyo wa anthu unakhala woti kuvala a chigoba sizinali za chitetezo chokha, komanso kuteteza anthu ammudzi. Izi zinakweza kufunikira kwa chinthu chosavuta chigoba cha nsalu kapena ndondomeko chigoba mu kuchepetsa kufalikira kwa COVID-19. The CDC ndi mabungwe ena azaumoyo anapereka malangizo atsatanetsatane amomwe angachitire kuvala nkhope kuphimba bwino, kuphatikizapo malangizo onjezerani zokwanira za opaleshoni ndi masks a nsalu pomanga malupu m'makutu kapena kugwiritsa ntchito chofiyira chigoba. Mliriwu udapangitsa demokalase chigoba, koma zinapanganso chidziwitso kusiyana zomwe zidasiya ogula ambiri komanso akatswiri ena osokonezeka za mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya masks.

Kuchokera pamawonedwe opanga ndi kugula, mliriwo unakakamiza kusintha kwachangu. Tidawona chilolezo chogwiritsa ntchito mwadzidzidzi (EUAs) kuchokera ku FDA kulola kugwiritsa ntchito zopumira zomwe si zachikhalidwe, monga KN95 ku China, ku chisamaliro chamoyo zoikamo pamene N95s zinali zochepa. Izi zinasonyeza kufunika komvetsetsa mfundo za mayiko. Idatsimikiziranso kufunikira kofunikira kotsimikizira kokwanira kwa chain chain. Vutoli lidatiphunzitsa kuti kudalira gwero limodzi kapena dera ndi kowopsa komanso kuti kukhala ndi ubale ndi opanga odalirika, ovomerezeka ndi amtengo wapatali. Cholowa cha COVID 19 ndi msika womwe umakhala wozindikira kwambiri, wozindikira, komanso wofuna zambiri zaubwino ndi zowonekera mu zake PPE.

Kodi Masks a Pansalu kapena Masks Okhazikika Ndi Oyenera Kukhazikitsa Zaumoyo?

Kukwanira kwa a chigoba cha nsalu kapena ndondomeko yokhazikika chigoba zimadalira kwathunthu ntchito yeniyeni ndi mlingo wa chiopsezo mkati mwa chisamaliro chaumoyo. A chigoba cha nsalu ndi chida chowongolera gwero la anthu onse. Pamene a zokwanira bwino chigoba cha nsalu akhoza kuthandiza kuchepetsa kutulutsa kwa madontho a kupuma kuchokera ku wovala, imapereka chitetezo chochepa ku wovala pokoka tinthu tating'onoting'ono kapena tinthu tating'onoting'ono. Pazifukwa izi, masks ansalu nthawi zambiri amawonedwa ngati osakwanira kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito ndi akatswiri azaumoyo omwe akupereka chisamaliro cha odwala. Amasowa zolimba kusefera ndi madzimadzi kukana mfundo zofunika masks azachipatala.

Ndondomeko yokhazikika masks azachipatala, amene ali mtundu wa chigoba opaleshoni, ndi nkhani ina. Iwo ndi zofunika mu chisamaliro chamoyo. Izi zotayidwa masks ndi FDA-yolamulidwa ndipo idapangidwa kuti ipereke chotchinga motsutsana ndi madontho ndi ma splashes. Ndioyenerera bwino ntchito zosiyanasiyana, monga kuyezetsa magazi, zoyendera odwala, ndikugwiritsa ntchito m'malo odziwika bwino achipatala kulimbikitsa kuwongolera magwero. Amapereka chitetezo chokwanira komanso kupuma bwino pazochitika zowopsa. Komabe, iwo ali ayi a chopumira. Samapanga chisindikizo cholimba ndipo samapereka chitetezo chodalirika pokoka tizilombo toyambitsa matenda touluka.

Chifukwa chake, lamulo la chala chachikulu ndikufananiza ndi chigoba ku chiopsezo.

• Chigoba cha nsalu: Osagwiritsidwa ntchito pachipatala ndi HCPs.
• Njira/Chigoba Chopangira Opaleshoni: Zabwino pakuwongolera magwero ndi chitetezo ku madontho omwe ali pachiwopsezo chochepa chachipatala. Zofunikira pakuteteza odwala ku utsi wa operekera pa nthawi yobereka.
• Chopumira cha n95: Chofunikira kuti chitetezedwe ku tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta mpweya, makamaka panthawi yopanga aerosol.

Kwa woyang'anira zogula, izi zikutanthauza kusunga mndandanda wamagulu. Mukufunikira kuperekedwa kodalirika kwapamwamba kwambiri masks a nkhope opangira opaleshoni kugwiritsidwa ntchito tsiku ndi tsiku, pamodzi ndi katundu wa NDIOSH-zovomerezeka N95 zopumira kwa zochitika zowopsa kwambiri. Ndiko kukhala ndi chida choyenera kuti ntchitoyo iwonetsetse kutsata ndi chitetezo.

Satifiketi Yoyenda: Kodi ISO, CE, ndi FDA Amatanthauza Chiyani Pogula Chigoba Chanu?

Kwa woyang'anira zogula, ziphaso ndi chilankhulo chanu chodalirika. Ndiwo umboni wotsimikizira kuti chinthucho chikukwaniritsa miyezo yokhazikitsidwa. Tiyeni tifotokoze zomwe zimachitika kwambiri zomwe mungakumane nazo pofufuza masks azachipatala.

ISO 13485 ndi mulingo wapadziko lonse wa kasamalidwe kabwino ka makina opanga zida zamankhwala. Fakitale ngati yanga ili ndi satifiketi ya ISO 13485, zikutanthauza kuti tawonetsa luso lathu lopereka zida zachipatala zomwe zimakwaniritsa kasitomala ndi malamulo oyenera. Sichitsimikizo cha malonda; ndi chitsimikizo cha ndondomeko. Imakuwuzani kuti opanga ali ndi machitidwe olimba omwe amapangira mapangidwe, kupanga, kufufuza, ndi kuyang'anira zoopsa. Ichi ndiye chitsimikizo chanu choyambirira cha luso la ogulitsa ndi kudalirika kwazinthu zonse, kuchokera ku nkhope mask kuzinthu zovuta kwambiri monga machubu akuyamwitsa azachipatala.

Chizindikiro cha CE ndi chizindikiritso chomwe chikuwonetsa kutsata miyezo yaumoyo, chitetezo, ndi chitetezo cha chilengedwe pazinthu zogulitsidwa mkati mwa European Economic Area (EEA). Za a chigoba opaleshoni kapena chopumira, chizindikiro cha CE chimayimira kuti malondawo adawunikidwa kuti akwaniritse malangizo kapena malamulo a EU (monga Medical Device Regulation kapena Personal Protective Equipment Regulation). Ndi pasipoti yovomerezeka yazinthu zomwe zimalowa msika wa EU. Kwa wogula wochokera ku US, ngakhale kuti sichofunikira mwachindunji, imakhala chizindikiro champhamvu kuti wopanga amatsatira miyezo yapamwamba yapadziko lonse.

Pomaliza, a FDA (Food and Drug Administration) amawongolera masks azachipatala ku United States. Monga takambirana, masks opaleshoni amaganiziridwa Kalasi II zipangizo zachipatala ndi amafuna FDA chilolezo, makamaka kudzera mu 510 (k) chidziwitso cha malonda. Izi zikuwonetsa kuti chipangizocho ndi chotetezeka komanso chogwira ntchito ngati chipangizo chogulitsidwa mwalamulo chomwe sichingavomerezedwe ndi premarket. Za Opaleshoni yopumira ya N95, amafuna zonse ziwiri NDIOSH chivomerezo ndi FDA chilolezo. Kutsimikizira za supplier FDA kulembetsa ndi chilolezo cha malonda ndi sitepe yosakanizika pakulimbikira kwanu. Wogulitsa wodalirika adzapereka manambala awo olembetsa ndi makalata 510 (k) akapempha. Ma certification ndi chitetezo chanu ku khalidwe loipa komanso kusatsata malamulo.

Zofunika Kukumbukira

Pamene mukuyenda m'dziko lovuta lachipatala chigoba ndi chopumira pogula zinthu, kumbukirani mfundo izi:

• Fomu yofunsira ntchito: A chigoba opaleshoni amateteza ena kuchokera ndi wovala potsekereza madontho. An Chopumira cha n95 amateteza wovala kuchokera chilengedwe posefa tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta mpweya.
• Fit Ndi Chilichonse Chopumira: An Chopumira cha n95 sichigwira ntchito popanda chisindikizo cholimba. A zoyenera, kutsimikiziridwa ndi mayeso oyenerera, n'kofunika kwambiri kuti munthu akwaniritse mlingo wolonjezedwa wa chitetezo.
• Dziwani Owongolera Anu: Ku US, a FDA amawongolera masks opaleshoni monga zida zamankhwala, pomwe NDIOSH imatsimikizira kusefa kwa makina opumira. Opaleshoni ya N95s ziyenera kukwaniritsa miyezo ya onse awiri.
• Mavavu Ndi Otonthoza, Osati Zipatala: Zothandizira kupuma ndi ma valve otulutsa mpweya chitetezo ndi wovala koma osati iwo ozungulira iwo. Nthawi zambiri amakhala osayenera makonda azaumoyo komwe kuwongolera magwero ndikofunikira.
• Tsimikizirani, Osakhulupirira: Mukafufuza padziko lonse lapansi, funani ndikutsimikizira ziphaso monga ISO 13485, chizindikiro cha CE, ndi FDA chilolezo. Gwirizanani ndi ogulitsa zinthu zowonekera omwe amaika patsogolo kulumikizana ndi kulumikizana.
• Fananizani Mask ndi Chiwopsezo: Gwiritsani ntchito njira ya tiered. Stock muyezo masks azachipatala kuti mugwiritse ntchito komanso kusunga N95 zopumira paziwopsezo zazikulu, njira zopangira aerosol kuti zitsimikizire chitetezo ndikuwongolera ndalama moyenera.