Kugwiritsanso Ntchito Masks Afumbi Otayika: Chitsogozo Chokwanira Pachitetezo Ndi Kusunga - ZhongXing

Monga woyang'anira zogulira zinthu kapena wogawa zachipatala, nthawi zonse mumayang'ana mzere wabwino pakati pa kukwera mtengo ndi chitetezo chosasunthika. Funso limodzi lomwe limabuka pafupipafupi ndilakuti mutha kukulitsa moyo wazinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kamodzi. Makamaka, mungathe—ndipo muyenera—gwiritsanso ntchito a zotaya fumbi chigoba? Yankho silosavuta inde kapena ayi. Zimaphatikizapo kumvetsetsa kapangidwe ka chigobacho, kuopsa kwake, komanso malangizo ochokera kwa azaumoyo. Monga wopanga wokhala ndi mizere isanu ndi iwiri yopangira zida zapamwamba zachipatala, ine, Allen, ndikufuna kukupatsirani malangizo omveka bwino, ovomerezeka. Nkhaniyi ifotokoza za sayansi kumbuyo masks otayika, fufuzani zinthu zomwe zimakhudza moyo wawo, ndi kupereka malangizo othandiza kuti muthe kupanga zisankho zomwe zimateteza antchito anu ndi gulu lanu.

Kodi Chigoba Chomataya Fumbi Chotani Kwenikweni?

Tisanakambirane za kuzigwiritsanso ntchito, ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa kuti zinthu izi ndi chiyani. A zotaya fumbi chigoba, nthawi zambiri amatchedwa a kusefa facepiece respirator (FFR), ndi mtundu wa zida zodzitetezera zidapangidwa kuti ziteteze wovala kuchokera pokoka tinthu tating'ono ta mpweya tokhala ndi mafuta. Izi zingaphatikizepo fumbi la zomangamanga kapena kuyeretsa, zowononga thupi, ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Ndi chida chodziwika bwino m'mafakitale kuyambira pazachipatala ndi kupanga mpaka zomangamanga ndi matabwa.

Matsenga a chigoba chotaya chagona pakupanga kwake. Sichidutswa chosavuta cha nsalu. Masks awa amapangidwa kuchokera kumagulu angapo a nsalu zopanda nsalu za polypropylene. Zigawo zamkati zimapereka mawonekedwe ndi chitonthozo, pomwe gawo lofunikira lapakati limakhala ngati fyuluta. Izi fyuluta imagwira ntchito pophatikiza kusefa kwamakina (kutchera tinthu tating'ono mu ukonde wa ulusi) ndipo, chofunikira kwambiri, kukopa kwamagetsi. Ulusiwo amapatsidwa static charge popanga, zomwe zimawalola kukopa ndi kujambula kwambiri particles zabwino mogwira mtima kwambiri kuposa chotchinga chosavuta cha makina. Ichi ndichifukwa chake wopepuka chigoba chotaya angapereke milingo yotere ya chitetezo cha kupuma.

Ndikofunikira kusiyanitsa a fumbi chigoba kapena chopumira kuchokera muyezo chigoba cha nkhope ya opaleshoni yachipatala. Ngakhale amawoneka ofanana, opaleshoni nkhope mask idapangidwa makamaka kuti iteteze chilengedwe kuchokera ku mpweya wa mpweya wa wovala (monga m'chipinda chopanda opaleshoni). A chopumira chotaya, komano, idapangidwa kuti iteteze wovala kuchokera ku chilengedwe. Amayesedwa kusefera kuchita bwino ndipo kuyenera kupanga chisindikizo cholimba kumaso kuti chikhale chogwira mtima.

Chifukwa Chiyani Masks Ambiri Afumbi Amalembedwa Kuti Agwiritsidwe Ntchito Pamodzi?

Mukawona "kugwiritsa ntchito kamodzi" kapena "zotayidwa"pa paketi ya a fumbi chigoba, ndi chitsogozo chochokera kwa wopanga kutengera kuyesa kwakukulu ndi miyezo yachitetezo. Pali zifukwa zitatu zazikulu zomwe masks awa sakupangira gwiritsanso ntchito.

1. Chiwopsezo choyipitsidwa: Kunja kwa a chigoba imagwira ntchito ngati chotchinga, imatsekera fumbi, zinyalala, ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda omwe titha kukhala ovulaza. Pamene mukugwira a masks ogwiritsidwa ntchito, mutha kusamutsa zowononga izi m'manja, kumaso, kapena malo ena. Ngati ndi chigoba kuchotsedwa ndi kuikidwanso, mukhoza kudziika nokha ku zoopsa zomwezo zomwe mukuyesera kuzipewa. M'chipatala kapena kuchipatala, chiopsezo chotere chakuipitsidwa ndi nkhawa yaikulu.

2. Kuwonongeka kwa Sefa Mwachangu: Mphamvu ya electrostatic yomwe imapanga fyuluta zothandiza kwambiri ndi wosakhwima. Ikhoza kuchepetsedwa ndi chinyezi, kuphatikizapo mpweya wamadzi mu mpweya wanu. Kuposa angapo maola kuvala, chinyezi ichi chimayamba kusokoneza mphamvu ya fyuluta kuti igwire tinthu tating'onoting'ono. Kugwira mwakuthupi, kupindika, kapena kuyika zinthu chigoba m'thumba amathanso kuwononga ulusi wabwino, ndikuchepetsanso kusefera kuthekera. A chigoba chogwiritsidwanso ntchito zitha kuwoneka bwino, koma sizikupereka mulingo wachitetezo womwe wanenedwa pamapaketi ake.

3. Kutayika kwa Chikhalidwe Chachilungamo: A chopumira imathandiza kokha ngati imapanga chisindikizo cholimba kuzungulira mphuno ndi pakamwa. Zingwe zotanuka, mphuno yofewa ya thovu, ndi mawonekedwe ake chidutswa cha nkhope Zokha zonse zidapangidwa kuti zikhale zotetezeka zoyenera ndi ntchito. Ndi aliyense gwiritsanso ntchito, zomangira kutambasula, chitsulo kopanira mphuno akhoza kutaya mawonekedwe ake, ndi thupi la chigoba akhoza kukhala ofewa kapena opunduka. Kusindikiza kosauka kumapangitsa kuti mpweya wosasefedwa udutse m'mphepete, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zapamwamba kwambiri fyuluta zopanda ntchito.

Kodi Mungagwiritsirenso Ntchito Chigoba Chotayika M'malo Afumbi?

Ili ndiye funso lofunika kwambiri kwa akatswiri ambiri. Yankho lovomerezeka komanso lotetezeka kwambiri kuchokera kwa opanga ndi mabungwe owongolera monga National Institute for Occupational Safety ndi Health (NIOSH) ndi Chitetezo ndi Thanzi Pantchito Administration (OSHA) ayi. A chopumira chotaya Iyenera kutayidwa pakatha ntchito iliyonse, kapena kumapeto kwa masinthidwe amodzi a ntchito (nthawi zambiri 8 maola).

Komabe, zochitika zenizeni zapadziko lapansi zitha kukhala zosasinthika. Liwu loti "kugwiritsa ntchito" palokha lingakhale lokhazikika. Ndi kuvala a chigoba kwa mphindi 10 kuyenda mofatsa wafumbi m'dera lofanana ndi kuvala tsiku lonse la ntchito yolemetsa? Ngakhale kuti chiwopsezocho ndi chochepa muzochitika zoyamba, mfundo zazikuluzikulu zochepetsera zikugwirabe ntchito. Nthawi zonse chigoba wavala ndi doffed, zingwe kutambasula ndi chiopsezo cha kuipitsidwa kumawonjezeka.

Pazochitika zadzidzidzi zaumoyo, mabungwe ngati CDC apereka malangizo pa ntchito yaitali ndi malire gwiritsanso ntchito zopumira monga N95. Ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa kusiyanasiyana:

• Kugwiritsa Ntchito Nthawi Yowonjezera: Amatanthauza kuvala chimodzimodzi chopumira chifukwa chokumana mobwerezabwereza ndi odwala angapo, osachotsa. Izi ndizokonda kuposa gwiritsanso ntchito.
• Gwiritsaninso ntchito (kapena Gwiritsaninso ntchito): Amatanthauza kugwiritsa ntchito zomwezo chopumira pakukumana kangapo koma ndikuchotsa ("doffing") pakati pa chilichonse. Izi zimatengedwa kuti ndizowopsa kwambiri chifukwa cha kuthekera kolumikizana kuipitsidwa.

Upangiri wapanthawi yamavuto uwu sunalinganizidwe kuti ukhale mchitidwe wamba wamba kuntchito. Kwa oyang'anira zogula ngati Mark, kutsatira za wopanga kugwiritsa ntchito kamodzi Directive ndiye njira yabwino kwambiri yowonetsetsera kutsata komanso chitetezo cha ogwira ntchito.

Kodi Milingo Yafumbi Ndi Chilengedwe Zimakhudza Bwanji Utali Wa Moyo Wa Chigoba?

The utali wamoyo mwa a chigoba chotaya imagwirizana mwachindunji ndi ntchito yake chilengedwe. A chigoba Zovala zokhala ndi zinthu zochepa zimatha nthawi yayitali kuposa zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pamalo okwera fumbi mlingo. Lingaliro ili limadziwika kuti "kusefa kutsitsa."

Ganizilani za fyuluta ngati siponji. Pamene mukupuma, imagwira ndi kugwira tinthu tating'ono ta mpweya. Mu kwambiri chilengedwe chafumbi, monga malo omanga kapena nkhokwe yambewu, ndi fyuluta imakhala yotsekeka ndi zinthu zogwidwa mwachangu kwambiri. Izi zimakhala ndi zotsatira ziwiri:

1. Kuwonjezeka Kukanika Kupuma: Monga fyuluta ikadzadza ndi tinthu tating'ono, zimakhala zovuta kuti mpweya udutse. The wovala adzazindikira kuti akubwera zovuta kupuma. Ichi ndi odalirika thupi chizindikiro kuti chopumira yafika kumapeto kwa moyo wake wothandiza ndipo iyenera kusinthidwa ndi a chatsopano.
2. Kuchepetsa Kuyenda kwa Air: Pamapeto pake, kukana kumatha kukhala kwakukulu kwambiri kotero kuti kumasokoneza chisindikizo cha chigoba. Ngati ndizovuta kukoka mpweya kudzera mu fyuluta kuposa kudutsa pang'ono kusiyana m'mphepete mwa chigoba, wovalayo amayamba kupuma mpweya wosasefera.

Chifukwa chake, a wogwira ntchito kuvala a chigoba chotaya pamene sanding drywall kwa 8 maola adzafunika choloŵa m'malo mofulumira kwambiri kuposa wina wovala zomwezo chigoba za ntchito zoyeretsa zopepuka. Lamulo la "kusintha kumodzi" ndi chitsogozo chonse; m'madera okhudzidwa kwambiri, a chigoba angafunikire kusinthidwa pafupipafupi.

Kodi Chosefera Chimachitika Chiyani Mukagwiritsanso Ntchito Chigoba Chotayika?

Umphumphu wa fyuluta ndi moyo wa chopumira's chitetezo mphamvu. Kugwiritsanso ntchito a chigoba chotaya amasokoneza umphumphu uwu m'njira zingapo. Monga tafotokozera, mtengo wa electrostatic ndiwofunikira. Mlanduwu umakoka tinthu ting'onoting'ono kuchokera mumlengalenga ndikuwatsekera pa fyuluta media.

"Gawo lofunika kwambiri la kusefedwa kwa N95 FFRs limathandizidwa ndi magetsi a electrostatic pazitsulo zosefera. Pamene FFR imachotsedwa kapena kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa nthawi yaitali, zolipiritsa pazitsulo zosefera zimatha kutha, zomwe zimapangitsa kuchepa kwa kusefera." - Maphunziro a National Library of Medicine pakugwiritsanso ntchito N95

Pamene inu gwiritsanso ntchito a chigoba, zinthu ziwiri zimachitika fyuluta. Choyamba, chinyezi chambiri kuchokera mkamwa mwanu pang'onopang'ono koma motsimikizika amathetsa vuto lofunikali. The chigoba mwina akadali ndi makina fyuluta particles ena akuluakulu, koma mphamvu yake yogwira zoopsa kwambiri particles zabwino amatsika kwambiri. Chachiwiri, ndi fyuluta imakhala yotsekeka. Ngakhale mutalola a masks ogwiritsidwa ntchito kunja, tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe tatsekeredwa kale tikadalipo. Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kulikonse kotsatira kumawonjezera katunduyo, kumawonjezera kukana kupuma komanso kukakamiza zoyenera ndi ntchito cha chigoba. Ichi ndi chifukwa chake kugwiritsanso ntchito zotayidwa masks ndi njuga pa chitetezo.

Monga opanga, timapanga zinthu ngati zathu Chigoba Chosefera Chosabala ndi chiyembekezo kuti ntchito yake yovomerezeka ndi ya a kugwiritsa ntchito kamodzi. Sitingathe kutsimikizira kugwira ntchito kwake kupyola nthawi yoyamba ija chifukwa cha zinthu zosalephereka zowononga.

Kodi Pali Maupangiri Ovomerezeka pa Kugwiritsa Ntchitonso Chigoba Chakumaso Chotayika?

Inde, ndipo amalangiza kwambiri kuti azigwiritsa ntchito nthawi zonse. Akuluakulu aboma pa chitetezo cha kupuma ku U.S OSHA ndi NDIOSH.

• Muyezo wa Chitetezo Chopumira cha OSHA (29 CFR 1910.134): Lamuloli limalamula kuti olemba anzawo ntchito azipereka antchito oyenera chitetezo cha kupuma. Ilo limanena kuti zopumira zotayidwa ziyenera kutayidwa pambuyo pa ntchito. Mulingo umatsindika kuti a chopumira Pulogalamuyi iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito moyenera, kukonza, ndi kutaya.
• NIOSH: Monga bungwe lomwe limayesa ndikutsimikizira zopumira (monga ma N95), NIOSH zikuwonekeratu kuti kusefa facepiece respirators amapangidwira kugwiritsa ntchito kamodzi. Malangizo awo pa otetezedwa anawonjezera ntchito kapena zochepa gwiritsanso ntchito inali yachisamaliro chachipatala panthawi yakusowa kwakukulu ndipo inabwera ndi ndondomeko zokhwima zomwe sizothandiza kwa malo ena ambiri ogwira ntchito.

The CDC akubwereza izi, kuti: "Kugwiritsanso ntchito ma FFR nthawi zambiri kumatchedwa kuti kugwiritsidwanso ntchito pang'ono. Kunkagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati njira yochepetsera mavuto panthawi ya mliri wa COVID-19. Komabe, sikulinso njira yovomerezeka."

Kwa katswiri wogula zinthu ngati Mark, iyi ndiye mfundo yofunika kwambiri. Kutsatira malangizowa sikungokhudza chitetezo; ndizokhudza kutsata malamulo. Kugwiritsa ntchito a chigoba chotaya kupyola nthawi yomwe wafunidwayo akhoza kutsegulira bungwe kukhala ndi udindo ngati thanzi la wogwira ntchito lilowa m'mavuto.

Kodi Zowopsa Zazikulu Zotani Zogwiritsa Ntchitonso Masks Ogwiritsidwa Ntchito?

Tiyeni tiphatikize zoopsa za kugwiritsanso ntchito masks otayika m'ndandanda womveka bwino. Kunyalanyaza kugwiritsa ntchito kamodzi Directive imabweretsa ziwopsezo zazikulu komanso zosafunikira zomwe zimaposa kupulumutsa mtengo kulikonse.

• Kuipitsidwa: Ichi ndiye chowopsa chomwe chikubwera posachedwa. Kunja kwa a masks ogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi malo oipitsidwa. Nthawi iliyonse mukakhudza izo, inu pachiswe posamutsa fumbi kapena zoopsa m'manja mwanu, kenako m'maso, mphuno, kapena pakamwa. Kusunga a masks ogwiritsidwa ntchito m'thumba kapena pa dashboard akhozanso kuipitsa malo amenewo.
• Chitetezo Chochepetsedwa: A chigoba chogwiritsidwanso ntchito ndi kunyengerera chigoba. The fyuluta sichigwira ntchito bwino, zingwe zake zimakhala zomasuka, ndipo chidindo chake chimaduka. Wovalayo ali ndi malingaliro abodza achitetezo, akukhulupirira kuti amatetezedwa akamapuma muzinthu zovulaza kudzera muzowonongeka. fyuluta kapena kuzungulira m'mphepete mwa chidutswa cha nkhope.
• Matenda ndi Matenda: Kwa iwo omwe akugwira ntchito zachipatala kapena zoyang'ana pagulu, a chigoba chogwiritsidwanso ntchito akhoza kukhala malo oberekera mabakiteriya ndi ma virus. Wofunda, wonyowa chilengedwe mkati a chigoba ndi yabwino kwa kukula kwa tizilombo. Kuperekanso a chigoba amene wakhala atakhala kwa maola akhoza kuyambitsa anaikira mlingo wa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda mwachindunji anu kupuma dongosolo.
• Kuphwanya Malamulo: Monga tanenera, OSHA malamulo ndi omveka. Kulephera kupereka mokwanira komanso kusamalidwa bwino zida zodzitetezera zitha kubweretsa chindapusa chachikulu komanso nkhani zamalamulo, makamaka ngati zingayambitse matenda kapena kuvulala kuntchito.

Timapereka ma PPE osiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza apamwamba kwambiri Zovala zodzipatula, chifukwa timamvetsetsa kuti chitetezo ndi dongosolo. Unyolo umakhala wamphamvu ngati ulalo wake wofooka kwambiri, ndi a chigoba chogwiritsidwanso ntchito ndi ulalo wofooka kwambiri.

Mumadziwa Bwanji Nthawi Yakwana Yotaya Chigoba Chanu?

Kulankhulana momveka bwino ndi maphunziro ndizofunikira pakuwonetsetsa kuti ogwira ntchito akugwiritsa ntchito chopumira molondola. Nawu mndandanda wosavuta womwe uyenera kutsatiridwa. Ndi nthawi yoti kutaya wanu chigoba chotaya ndi kupeza a chatsopano ngati zina mwa izi zili zoona:

Izi ziyenera kukhala njira yoyendetsera ntchito iliyonse kuntchito zomwe zimafunikira chitetezo cha kupuma. Pasakhale kusamveka bwino. Mukakayikira, tayani kunja.

Kodi Pali Kusiyana Pakati pa P100, N100, ndi Zopumira Zina Kuti Zigwiritsidwenso Ntchito?

N'zosavuta kuganiza kuti apamwamba ovotera chopumira,ndi a P100 kapena N100, zitha kukhala zoyenera gwiritsanso ntchito kuposa muyezo N95. Pamene iwo amapereka apamwamba kusefera, malamulo omwewo akuwonongeka ndi kuipitsidwa gwiritsani ntchito.

Tiyeni tichotse mwachangu mavoti a NIOSH:

• Letter (N, R, P): Izi zikuwonetsa kukana ma aerosol opangidwa ndi mafuta. N mndandanda ndi Nosamva mafuta. R ndi Rosasunthika. P ndi mafuta -Pdenga.
• Nambala (95, 99, 100): Uku ndiye kusefera kocheperako. 95 kutanthauza kuti imasefa osachepera 95% ya tinthu tating'ono ta mpweya. 100 (mwachitsanzo, N100, P100) zikutanthauza kuti imasefa osachepera 99.97% ya tinthu tating'onoting'ono.

Pamene a P100 mask ali ndi mphamvu zambiri fyuluta kuposa N95, akadali a zotayidwa, wovala yekha chipangizo. Zingwezo zidzatambasulabe, chisindikizocho chidzawonongekabe ndi kugwiritsira ntchito, ndipo kunja kumakhala koipitsidwa. Ubwino woyamba wa P-series chopumira ndi kulimba kwake m'malo amafuta, osati kukwanira kwake gwiritsanso ntchito. An Mpweya wopumira wa N100 idzatsekeka ngati N95, ndipo fyuluta yake ya electrostatic imakhudzidwanso ndi chinyezi. Mfundo yofunikira yamapangidwe imakhalabe yofanana: ali masks omwe amatha kutaya kapena kutaya zopumira zopangidwira a nthawi yodziwika.

Kodi Njira Yoyenera Yogwirizira Chigoba Ngati Mukuganiza Zogwiritsa Ntchito Mochepa?

Pomwe machitidwe okhazikika ndikuletsa gwiritsanso ntchito, ndikofunikira kuvomereza chitsogozo chamavuto operekedwa ndi a CDC pazovuta kwambiri. Ngati, ndipo pokhapokha, bungwe likuyang'anizana ndi kusowa kwakukulu ndipo lilibe njira ina, yochepa gwiritsanso ntchito ziyenera kuchitidwa mosamala kwambiri. Malangizo awa sayenera kutanthauziridwa ngati kuvomereza nthawi zonse gwiritsanso ntchito.

Nawa njira zofunika kwambiri pazochitika zotere:

• Kugwiritsa Ntchito Munthu Mmodzi Pokha: A chopumira siziyenera kugawidwa pakati pa anthu.
• Chepetsani Kukhudza: Gwirani ndi chigoba kokha ndi zingwe kapena zomangira. Musakhudze kutsogolo kwa chopumira.
• Kusungirako Moyenera: Sungani the chigoba m’chidebe choyera, chopuma mpweya, monga thumba la pepala, lolembedwa momveka bwino ndi dzina la mwiniwakeyo. Musayisunge muthumba lapulasitiki losindikizidwa, chifukwa izi zimasunga chinyezi.
• Ukhondo Wam'manja: Nthawi zonse muzisamba m'manja ndi sopo ndi madzi kapena gwiritsani ntchito zotsukira m'manja zokhala ndi mowa musanayambe kapena mukamaliza kugwira chigoba.
• Kuyang'anira Zowoneka: Pamaso pa aliyense gwiritsanso ntchito, fufuzani mosamala chigoba pazizindikiro zilizonse za kuwonongeka, dothi, kapena chinyezi. Ngati yasokonezedwa mwanjira ina iliyonse, iyenera kutayidwa.
• Chepetsani Chiwerengero cha Zogwiritsanso Ntchito: The CDC Anati azigwiritsanso ntchito kasanu pamavuto, koma izi zimatengera a kuchuluka kwa zinthu ndipo si lamulo lovuta.

Njira imeneyi ndi yovuta ndipo imakhala ndi zoopsa zomwe timabadwa nazo. Kwa bungwe lililonse lomwe lili ndi unyolo wokhazikika, kupezera ndalama zokwanira masks otayika ndi kukwaniritsa a kugwiritsa ntchito kamodzi ndondomeko ndi njira yotetezeka, yovomerezeka komanso yodalirika.

Zofunika Kukumbukira

Kuti mupange chisankho chabwino kwambiri cha bungwe lanu, kumbukirani mfundo izi:

• Zapangidwira Kugwiritsa Ntchito Pamodzi: Masks otaya fumbi ndi zopumira zimapangidwira ndikutsimikiziridwa kwa nthawi imodzi yogwiritsidwa ntchito. Kugwira ntchito kwawo sikutsimikizika kuposa pamenepo.
• Kugwiritsanso Ntchito Kumayambitsa Zowopsa: Kugwiritsanso ntchito chigoba chotayidwa kwambiri kumawonjezera ngozi ya kuipitsidwa, amachepetsa kusefera kuchita bwino, ndikusokoneza chisindikizo cha nkhope chofunikira kwambiri.
• Tsatirani Malangizo Ovomerezeka: OSHA ndi NDIOSH malamulo amaletsa chizolowezi gwiritsanso ntchito za zopumira zotayidwa mu kuntchito. Kutsatira ndi nkhani yachitetezo komanso kutsata malamulo.
• Mukayikakayika, Tayani: A chigoba iyenera kutayidwa nthawi yomweyo ngati ili yakuda, yowonongeka, yonyowa, kapena yovuta kupuma.
• Ubwino Woposa Ndalama Zomwe Zikuganiziridwa: Mtengo wogula chigoba ndizochepa poyerekeza ndi mtengo womwe ungakhalepo chifukwa cha matenda a kuntchito, kuphulika, kapena kuphwanya malamulo. Gwirizanani ndi wopanga wodalirika yemwe amapereka zinthu zapamwamba, zovomerezeka.

Monga wopanga mwachindunji, cholinga changa ndikupatsa anzanga ngati inu, Mark, zinthu zomwe mungadalire kuti azichita monga momwe analonjezera. Kupanga chisankho choyenera pa za PPE sikungosankha kugula; ndikudzipereka ku thanzi ndi chitetezo cha munthu aliyense amene amadalira.