Pakadali pano, nkhondo yapadziko lonse yolimbana ndi chibayo yoyambitsidwa ndi buku la coronavirus yayamba. Monga "njira yoyamba yodzitetezera" pachitetezo chaukhondo, ndikofunikira kwambiri kuvala zobvala zomwe zimakwaniritsa miyezo yopewera miliri. Kuchokera ku N95 ndi KN95 mpaka masks opangira opaleshoni, anthu wamba amatha kukhala ndi malo akhungu posankha masks. Apa tikufotokozera mwachidule mfundo zomwe zili mugawo lokhazikika kuti zikuthandizeni kumvetsetsa tanthauzo la masks. Kodi miyezo ya masks ndi yotani?
Pakadali pano, miyezo yayikulu ya dziko langa ya masks ikuphatikiza GB 2626-2019 "Respiratory Protection Self-priming Filtered Particle Respirators", GB 19083-2010 "Zofunikira Zaukadaulo Pa Masks Oteteza Zachipatala", YY 0469-2011 "Masks Opaleshoni" GB / T. 32610-2016 "Mafotokozedwe Aukadaulo a Masks Oteteza Tsiku ndi Tsiku", ndi zina zotero, zimaphimba chitetezo chantchito, chitetezo chamankhwala, chitetezo cha anthu ndi zina. minda. GB 2626-2019 ″Chitetezo Chopumira Chodzitetezera Chodzitetezera Chodzitetezera Chodzitetezera ” chidaperekedwa ndi State Market Supervision Administration ndi National Standardization Administration pa 2019-12-31. Ndi mulingo wovomerezeka ndipo udzakhazikitsidwa pa 2020-07-01. Chifunga ndi ma microorganisms imafotokoza za kapangidwe ndi luso la zida zoteteza kupuma, komanso zinthu, mawonekedwe, mawonekedwe, magwiridwe antchito, komanso kusefera kwa masks afumbi. (Fumbi kukana mlingo), kukana kupuma, njira zoyesera, chizindikiritso cha mankhwala, ma CD, ndi zina zofunika kwambiri.
GB 19083-2010 "Technical Requirements for Medical Protective Masks" idaperekedwa ndi General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine and the National Standardization Administration pa 2010-09-02 ndipo idakhazikitsidwa pa 2011-08-01. Muyezo uwu umatchula zofunikira zaukadaulo, njira zoyesera, zizindikilo ndi malangizo ogwiritsira ntchito masks oteteza kuchipatala, komanso kulongedza, mayendedwe ndi kusunga. Ndi oyenera ntchito m'malo ntchito zachipatala zosefera mpweya particles ndi chipika m'malovu, magazi, zamadzimadzi m'thupi, secretions, etc. Self-priming kusefa zoteteza zachipatala chigoba. 4.10 ya muyezo ndiyomwe ikulimbikitsidwa, zina zonse ndizoyenera.
YY 0469-2011 "Masks Opangira Opaleshoni" idaperekedwa ndi State Drug and Food Administration pa 2011-12-31. Ndi mulingo wamakampani opanga mankhwala ndipo udzakhazikitsidwa pa 2013-06-01. Mulingo uwu umanena zaukadaulo, njira zoyesera, zolembera ndi malangizo ogwiritsira ntchito, kulongedza, mayendedwe ndi kusungirako masks opangira opaleshoni. Muyezowu ukunena kuti kusefera kwa mabakiteriya kwa masks sikuyenera kuchepera 95%.
GB/T 32610-2016 "Technical Specifications for Daily Protective Masks" idaperekedwa ndi General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine and the National Standardization Administration pa 2016-04-25. Ndilo dziko langa loyamba ladziko lonse la masks oteteza anthu, pa 2016-11 -Kukhazikitsidwa pa 01. Muyeso umaphatikizapo zofunikira za mask yaiwisi, zofunikira zamapangidwe, zofunikira zozindikiritsa zolemba, zofunikira za maonekedwe, ndi zina zotero. Muyezo umafuna kuti masks azitha kuteteza pakamwa ndi mphuno motetezeka komanso mwamphamvu, ndipo pasakhale ngodya zakuthwa ndi m'mbali zomwe zingakhudzidwe. Lili ndi malamulo atsatanetsatane okhudza zinthu zomwe zingawononge matupi a anthu, monga formaldehyde, utoto, ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, kuwonetsetsa kuti anthu atha kuvala. Chitetezo mukavala masks oteteza.
Kodi masks wamba ndi chiyani?
Tsopano masks omwe amatchulidwa pafupipafupi akuphatikizapo KN95, N95, masks opangira opaleshoni ndi zina zotero.
Yoyamba ndi masks a KN95. Malinga ndi gulu la mtundu wa GB2626-2019 "Respiratory Protection Self-priming Filtered Particle Respirator", masks amagawidwa mu KN ndi KP malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa zinthu zosefera. Mtundu wa KP ndi woyenera kusefa tinthu tating'ono tamafuta, ndipo mtundu wa KN ndi woyenera kusefa tinthu tating'ono tamafuta. Pakati pawo, chigoba cha KN95 chikapezeka ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta sodium chloride, kusefa kwake kuyenera kukhala kwakukulu kuposa kapena kofanana ndi 95%, ndiye kuti kusefa kwa tinthu tating'ono tamafuta pamwamba pa 0.075 microns (m'mimba mwake wapakati) ndi wamkulu kuposa kapena wofanana ndi 95%.
Chigoba cha 95 ndi amodzi mwa masks asanu ndi anayi oteteza omwe amatsimikiziridwa ndi NIOSH (National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health). “N” amatanthauza kusamva mafuta. "95" amatanthauza kuti akakumana ndi kuchuluka kwa tinthu tating'ono toyesa, kuchuluka kwa tinthu mkati mwa chigoba kumakhala kotsika kuposa 95% kuposa kuchuluka kwa tinthu kunja kwa chigoba.
Ndiye palinso masks opangira opaleshoni. Malinga ndi tanthauzo la YY 0469-2019 "Masks Opangira Opaleshoni", masks opangira opaleshoni "amavalidwa ndi ogwira ntchito zachipatala m'malo ogwirira ntchito kuti ateteze odwala omwe akulandira chithandizo ndi ogwira ntchito zachipatala omwe akuchita maopaleshoni, kupewa magazi, Masks opangira opaleshoni omwe amafalitsidwa ndi madzi am'thupi komanso ma splashes ndi masks ovala antchito azachipatala." Chigoba chamtunduwu chimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo azachipatala monga zipatala zachipatala, ma laboratories, ndi zipinda zogwirira ntchito, ndipo amagawidwa kukhala wosanjikiza madzi, wosanjikiza wosefera, ndi chitonthozo kuchokera kunja kupita mkati.
Sankhani masks mwasayansi.
Akatswiri ati kuphatikiza pakupereka chitetezo chokwanira, kuvala chigoba kuyeneranso kuganizira za chitonthozo cha wovalayo komanso kusabweretsa zotsatira zoyipa monga zoopsa zamoyo. Nthawi zambiri, chitetezo cha chigoba chikakhala chokwera kwambiri, chimapangitsa kuti chitonthozo chiziyenda bwino. Anthu akavala chigoba ndikupuma mpweya, chigobacho chimakhala ndi kukana kwina kwa mpweya. Kukana kutulutsa mpweya kukakhala kwakukulu, anthu ena amamva chizungulire, chifuwa cholimba ndi zovuta zina.
Anthu osiyanasiyana ali ndi mafakitale ndi matupi osiyanasiyana, kotero amakhala ndi zofunikira zosiyanasiyana pa kusindikiza, kuteteza, kutonthoza, ndi kusinthasintha kwa masks. Anthu ena apadera, monga ana, okalamba, ndi anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a kupuma ndi matenda amtima, ayenera kusankha mosamala mtundu wa masks. Pamaziko owonetsetsa chitetezo, pewani ngozi monga hypoxia ndi chizungulire mukamavala kwa nthawi yayitali.
Pomaliza, ndikukumbutsani aliyense kuti mosasamala kanthu za mtundu wa chigoba, muyenera kuchigwira bwino mukatha kugwiritsa ntchito, kuti musakhale gwero latsopano la matenda. Nthawi zambiri konzani masks ena angapo ndikuyika m'malo mwake kuti mupange mzere woyamba wachitetezo chachitetezo chaumoyo. Ndikufunirani nonse thanzi labwino!
Nthawi yotumiza: Jan-01-2021