Zopumira Zotayika Vs. Masks: Chitsogozo Chosefera Chitetezo cha nkhope - ZhongXing

M'dziko la zida zodzitetezera (PPE), mawu oti "kupumira" ndi "chigoba" amagwiritsidwa ntchito mosiyanasiyana. Komabe, kwa manejala wogula zinthu pachipatala ngati Mark Thompson ku USA, kapena kwa aliyense amene ali ndi udindo woteteza ntchito, kusiyana kwake ndi nkhani ya moyo ndi imfa. Osavuta opaleshoni chigoba si a chopumira. Kumvetsa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya kupuma,ndi a kusefa facepiece ndi, ndi chifukwa NDIOSH Chivomerezo ndi muyezo wa golide wofunikira kuti utsimikizire kuti ndi zoona chitetezo cha kupuma. Monga wopanga dzina lake Allen, wokhala ndi mizere isanu ndi iwiri yopanga ku China yoperekedwa kuzinthu zachipatala, ndadziwonera ndekha chisokonezo ndi zotsatira za kusankha zida zolakwika. Bukuli lidzasokoneza dziko la oyeretsa mpweya, fotokozani ukadaulo kumbuyo kwa fyuluta media, ndikukupatsani mphamvu kuti musankhe zoyenera chopumira kwa chitetezo cha timu yanu.

Kodi Pumirani Ndi Chiyani Ndipo Imasiyana Bwanji Ndi Chigoba Chokhazikika Pankhope?

Choyamba, tiyeni tifotokoze malingaliro olakwika kwambiri. A muyezo opaleshoni chigoba, monga chigoba cha nkhope ya opaleshoni yachipatala timapanga, lapangidwa makamaka kuteteza chilengedwe kuchokera ndi wovala. Zimapanga chotchinga choyimitsa madontho kuchokera kwa wovala mphuno ndi pakamwa kuwononga wodwala kapena munda wosabala. Sanapangidwe kuti apange chisindikizo cholimba motsutsana ndi nkhope ndipo sichigwira ntchito fyuluta kunja kochepa kwambiri particles airborne.

A chopumira, kumbali ina, ndi chidutswa cha zida zodzitetezera zakonzedwa kuti kuteteza mwiniwake kuchokera chilengedwe. Cholinga chake chachikulu ndikuletsa mpweya wowopsa zandege zinthu, kuphatikizapo fumbi, fumbi, nkhungu, gasi,ndi mpweya. Mbali yofunika ya a chopumira ndiko kutha kwake kupanga chisindikizo cholimba kumaso a wogwiritsa ntchito, kukakamiza mpweya wokoka mpweya kudutsamo fyuluta zakuthupi. Uku ndiye kusiyana kwakukulu: chigoba ndi chotchinga chotchinga pakuwongolera magwero, pomwe a chopumira ndi chipangizo chosindikizira mwamphamvu chitetezo cha kupuma.

Chifukwa chiyani Kuvomereza kwa NIOSH kuli Mulingo wa Golide wa Chitetezo Chakupuma?

Pofufuza a chopumira kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito ku United States, liwu limodzi limayimilira pamwamba pa ena onse: NIOSH yavomerezedwa. NDIOSH, ndi National Institute for Occupational Safety ndi Health, ndi bungwe la federal ku United States lomwe limayang'anira kuyesa ndi kutsimikizira zopumira. A chopumira zomwe zapindula NDIOSH chivomerezo chayesedwa mwamphamvu kuti chitsimikizire kuti chikukwaniritsa miyezo yokhazikika kusefera bwino, kupuma, ndi khalidwe la zomangamanga.

Chitsimikizochi simalingaliro chabe; ndi chofunikira kwa chitetezo cha ntchito pansi OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Administration) malamulo. Ngati a kuntchito amafuna chitetezo cha kupuma, ayenera kugwiritsa ntchito zopumira zomwe zimakumana ndi NDIOSH muyezo. Monga opanga omwe amatumiza ku North America, timaonetsetsa kuti zinthu zathu zikuyenda bwino, monga Chopumira cha n95, kukwaniritsa zofunika izi. The NDIOSH chizindikiro chovomerezeka pa a chopumira kapena kuyika kwake ndi chitsimikizo chanu kuti chipangizocho chidzapereka zomwe zanenedwa mlingo wa chitetezo. Mutha kutsimikizira certification nthawi zonse pofufuza Mndandanda wa Zida Zotsimikizika za NIOSH (CEL).

Disposable vs. Reusable Respirators: Ndi Iti Yoyenera Kumalo Anu Antchito?

Zopumira nthawi zambiri zimagawika m'magulu awiri: zotayidwa ndi zogwiritsidwanso ntchito. A chopumira chotaya, amadziwikanso kuti a kusefa facepiece respirator (FFR), ndi yopepuka chopumira kumene unit yonse imatayidwa ikagwiritsidwa ntchito. The N95 ndi chitsanzo chodziwika kwambiri cha a chopumira chotaya. Izi zapangidwa kuti zitetezedwe kufotokoza zowopsa ndipo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri makonda azaumoyo ndi kumanga.

Reusable respirators, mosiyana, imakhala yolimba nkhope (a theka la nkhope kuphimba mphuno ndi pakamwa kapena a nkhope yonse zomwe zikuphatikizapo chitetezo m'maso) zopangidwa ndi silikoni kapena mphira. Izi nkhope akhoza kutsukidwa ndi kugwiritsidwa ntchito mobwerezabwereza. Chotetezacho chimachokera ku chosinthika makatiriji kapena zosefera. Mukhoza kusankha yeniyeni katiriji kuteteza ku chinthu china ngozi, monga organic katiriji wa nthunzi, ndi asidi katiriji gasikapena P100 particles fyuluta. Reusable respirators perekani kusinthasintha kwa malo okhala ndi zoopsa zingapo kapena zochulukira kwambiri koma zimafunikira pulogalamu yokonza yokhudzidwa kwambiri.

Kujambula N95: Kodi Kusefa Facepiece Respirators (FFRs) ndi chiyani?

Teremuyo N95 lakhala dzina lapanyumba, koma mwaukadaulo ndi gawo la certification la mtundu wina wa chopumira chotaya: ndi kusefa facepiece respirator (FFR). Izi ndi oyeretsa mpweya kuti sefa particles kuchokera mumlengalenga pamene mukupuma. Zonse nkhope cha chopumira amapangidwa ndi fyuluta zakuthupi. Dzina la "N95" kuchokera NDIOSH makamaka amatanthauza chopumira fyuluta ali a kusefera bwino osachepera 95% motsutsana ndi osakhala mafuta particles airborne.

NIOSH adavomereza FFRs bwerani ambiri mawonekedwe ndi makulidwe kukwanira nkhope zambiri. Ena akhoza kukhala ndi valavu yotulutsa mpweya, kapulasitiki kakang'ono kamene kamatseka pamene wovala amakoka mpweya ndikutsegula akatulutsa mpweya. Valve iyi siyimasokoneza wa wonyamula chitetezo ndi kugona pangitsa mpweya wopumira kukhala womasuka kuvala pochepetsa kutentha ndi kuchuluka kwa chinyezi mkati nkhope. Ndikofunikira kukumbukira kuti FFR igwire ntchito, a Ma FFR amasindikiza kumaso kwanu, kukakamiza mpweya wonse kudutsa fyuluta. Mipata iliyonse chifukwa cha tsitsi lakumaso kapena kukwanira kosayenera kudzapereka chopumira osathandiza.

Kodi Mavoti a NIOSH (N, R, P, 95, 99, 100) Amatanthauza Chiyani Kwenikweni?

Zizindikiro zowoneka ngati zachinsinsi pa a NIOSH yovomerezeka yopumira kwenikweni ndi ndondomeko yolunjika. Iwo amakuuzani zinthu ziwiri za chopumira fyuluta: kukana mafuta ake ndi ake kusefera kuchita bwino.

Nachi chidule chosavuta:

• Kalata (Kukana Mafuta):

  • N: Nosamva mafuta. Uwu ndiye mtundu wofala kwambiri, womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito kufotokoza nkhani ngati fumbi, allergens, ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. The Chopumira cha n95 ndi chitsanzo tingachipeze powerenga.
  • R: Rkukana mafuta. Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo okhala ndi nkhungu zamafuta, koma kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwake kumakhala kosintha kwa maola 8.
  • P: Mafuta Pdenga. Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo okhala ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono tamafuta kwa nthawi yayitali, monga momwe wopanga adanenera.

• Nambala (Kusefera Mwachangu):

  • 95: Zosefera zosachepera 95%. particles airborne.
  • 99: Zosefera zosachepera 99%. particles airborne.
  • 100: Zosefera zosachepera 99.97% za particles airborne. Uwu ndiye mulingo wapamwamba kwambiri wa kufotokoza kusefa ndipo ndi ofanana ndi HEPA fyuluta. A P100 fyuluta amapereka mlingo wapamwamba wa kufotokoza chitetezo kwa a chopumira choyeretsa mpweya.

Choncho, a P100 chopumira kapena katiriji imapereka chitetezo chotsimikizira mafuta ndi 99.97% yogwira ntchito motsutsana ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono, pomwe ma N95 chopumira chotaya imapereka mphamvu 95% ndipo sichoncho kukana mafuta.

Kodi ma Air-Purifying Respirators okhala ndi Cartridge kapena Fyuluta ndi chiyani?

Pamwamba pa chopumira chotaya, muli ndi reusable respirators omwe amagwiritsa ntchito kuphatikiza a nkhope ndi a katiriji kapena fyuluta. Izi ndi ntchito za mafakitale chitetezo cha kupuma. The nkhope amapereka chisindikizo, ndi katiriji amanyamula katundu woyeretsa mpweya. A katiriji ndi chidebe chodzaza ndi zinthu, monga activated carbon, yomwe imatenga chinthu china mpweya kapena nthunzi. A fyuluta,ndi a P100 mkate fyuluta, idapangidwa kuti igwire kokha kufotokoza nkhani.

Ubwino waukulu wa dongosolo lino ndi kusinthasintha kwake. Wogwira ntchito angagwiritsenso ntchito zogwiritsidwanso ntchito chopumira cha nkhope koma kusintha katiriji kutengera ntchito. Tsiku lina angafunike a katiriji za organic mpweya popenta, ndipo chotsatira akhoza kulumikiza a particles fyuluta za mchenga. Makatiriji ambiri ndi makatiriji ophatikiza, oteteza ku onse awiri gasi ndi nthunzi komanso ma particculates. Kwa oyang'anira zogula, izi zikutanthawuza kuyang'anira mndandanda wazinthu zonse ziwiri komanso zosiyanasiyana katiriji ndi fyuluta mitundu yofunikira pazowopsa za malo anu. Makampani ngati 3M kupereka a kusankha kwakukulu za machitidwe awa.

Ndi liti pamene Supplied-Air Respirator kapena SCBA ndiyo Njira Yokhayo?

Zonse zopumira ndi masks takambirana mpaka pano oyeretsa mpweya. Amagwira ntchito posefa zinthu zowononga mpweya zomwe zili m’chilengedwe. Koma bwanji ngati mpweya weniweniwo uli vuto? M'malo omwe mulibe mpweya wa okosijeni (ochepera 19.5%) kapena momwe zoyipitsira zimakhala zowopsa ku moyo kapena thanzi (IDLH), chopumira choyeretsa mpweya sizingagwire ntchito. Muzochitika izi, muyenera a chopumira zomwe zimapereka ukhondo wake womwe mpweya.

Pali mitundu iwiri ikuluikulu. A chopumira mpweya amapereka mpweya wopumira ku wovala kudzera papaipi yayitali yolumikizidwa ndi gwero la mpweya wabwino. Mawonekedwe apamwamba kwambiri a chitetezo cha kupuma ndi zida zopumira zokha (SCBA). Uwu ndi mtundu womwewo wa zida ozimitsa moto ntchito, kumene ndi wovala amanyamula thanki ya mpweya woponderezedwa kumbuyo kwawo. SCBA imapereka chapamwamba kwambiri mlingo wa chitetezo cha kupuma chifukwa sizimayenderana ndi mlengalenga wozungulira.

Kodi Mungasankhire Bwanji Chopumira Choyenera Pazowopsa Zapa Airborne?

The kusankha koyenera mwa a chopumira ndi njira yovomerezeka yomwe iyenera kukhala gawo la zolembedwa pulogalamu yoteteza kupuma. Chinthu choyamba ndicho kuzindikira ngoziyo. Ndi a kufotokoza ngati silika fumbi kapena a utsi kuchokera kuwotcherera? Ndi a gasi monga klorini kapena a mpweya kuchokera ku zosungunulira? Kapena ndi kuphatikiza?

Chowopsacho chikadziwika, muyenera kudziwa momwe chikukhalira. Kutengera zambiri, mukhoza kusankha chopumira choyenera. Kwa ambiri kufotokoza zoopsa zomwe zili pansi pa ndende inayake, a zotayidwa Chopumira cha n95 nthawi zambiri zimakhala zokwanira. Zachindunji mpweya kapena nthunzi, mufunika a reusable respirator ndi mankhwala olondola katiriji. Nthawi zonse funsani malangizo a wopanga ndi OSHA malangizo. Mwachitsanzo, malamulo ena angafunike a nkhope yonse chopumira pa a theka-maski kupereka chitetezo chokwanira. Dongosolo lathunthu la PPE limaphatikizanso zinthu zina monga Zovala zodzipatula kuteteza ku splashes ndi zoopsa kukhudzana.

Kufunika Kofunikira Kwa Mayeso Oyenera Kwa Makina Opumira Pamawonekedwe aliwonse

Mutha kukhala ndi zapamwamba kwambiri P100 katiriji kapena pamwamba pa mzere Chopumira cha n95, koma ngati sichimangirira bwino ku wa wonyamula nkhope, pafupifupi zopanda pake. Ichi ndi chifukwa chake OSHA imafuna kuyesa kokwanira pamaso pa a wovala imagwiritsa ntchito zolimbitsa thupi chopumira m'malo oipitsidwa ndipo chaka chilichonse pambuyo pake. A fit test amafufuza sindikiza pa nkhope yako pozungulira m'mphepete mwa chopumira.

Pali mitundu iwiri ya mayeso oyenera. Kuyesa kwabwino kumadalira mphamvu ya wovala kapena kununkhiza kuti azindikire kutayikira. A kachulukidwe mayeso ntchito makina kuyeza kuchuluka kwenikweni kutayikira mu nkhope. Kukwanira bwino ndikofunikira kwambiri kotero kuti chilichonse chomwe chimasokoneza chisindikizo, monga ndevu, sichiloledwa povala chothina. chopumira. Njira iyi imatsimikizira kuti zida zodzitetezera kwenikweni amapereka chitetezo.

Zoyenera Kuyang'ana Kwa Wopanga Zopumira Zotayidwa

Kwa wogula ngati Mark, kuyanjana ndi wopanga bwino ndikofunikira. Pofufuza zopumira zotayidwa, makamaka ochokera kutsidya kwa nyanja, pali zinthu zingapo zoti zitsimikizire. Choyamba, funa umboni wa NDIOSH kuvomereza. Funsani TC (Kuyesa ndi Certification) nambala yachindunji chopumira chitsanzo ndi kutsimikizira izo pa Mndandanda wa Zida Zovomerezeka za NIOSH.

Kupitilira satifiketi, funsani za wopanga makina owongolera (QMS). Kodi iwo ndi ISO 9001 satifiketi? Pazinthu zachipatala, kodi zimagwirizana ndi ISO 13485? Yang'anani mnzanu yemwe amalankhula momveka bwino za zida zawo ndi njira zopangira. Za 3M zopumira zotayika kapena mitundu ina yayikulu, chidziwitsochi chimapezeka mosavuta. Kwa othandizira ena, ndi ntchito yanu kufunsa. Wopanga wodalirika sadzakhala ndi vuto kupereka zolemba ndi kusonyeza kudzipereka chitetezo ndi thanzi la ntchito. Iwo amamvetsa kuti khalidwe lawo chopumira imalumikizidwa mwachindunji ndi thanzi la wogwiritsa ntchito kumapeto. Timanyadira kuwonekeratu uku, kupereka njira zomveka bwino komanso zodalirika zoperekera anzathu ku US, Europe, ndi Australia.

Zofunika Kwambiri

• Wopumira motsutsana ndi Mask: A chopumira amateteza wovala posefa mpweya wokokedwa ndipo umafunikira chisindikizo cholimba. Chigoba ndi chotchinga chotayirira chomwe chimateteza chilengedwe ku madontho otulutsa mpweya wa wovala.
• NIOSH ndiyofunikira: Za kuntchito kugwiritsa ntchito ku U.S., a chopumira yenera kukhala NIOSH yavomerezedwa. Chitsimikizo ichi chimatsimikizira zake kusefera ntchito.
• Zotayika vs. Zogwiritsidwanso Ntchito: Zopumira zosiyanitsidwa zosefera za nkhope (monga N95) ndi za kufotokoza zowopsa ndipo amatayidwa pambuyo ntchito. Reusable respirators ntchito cholimba nkhope ndi chosinthika makatiriji kapena zosefera za zosiyanasiyana gasi, mpweya,ndi chidutswa zoopsa.
• Mvetsetsani Mavoti: Chilembo (N, R, P) chikuwonetsa kukana kwamafuta, ndipo nambala (95, 99, 100) ikuwonetsa zochepa. kusefera bwino kwa particulate.
• Fit ndi Chilichonse: A chopumira iyenera kuyesedwa moyenera ku wovala kuonetsetsa chisindikizo cholimba. Popanda chisindikizo chabwino, ngakhale chabwino kwambiri chopumira imapereka chitetezo chochepa.
• Tsimikizirani Wothandizira Wanu: tsimikizirani nthawi zonse NDIOSH certification ndikufunsa za kasamalidwe kabwino mukamapeza chitetezo cha kupuma.